Distinctions and similarities among working memory processes: an event-related potential study

Ruchkin, Daniel S.; Johnson, Ray; Grafman, Jordan; Canoune, Howard L.; Ritter, Walter

doi:10.1016/0926-6410(92)90005-c

Cited by 221 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, numerous ERP studies have manipulated working memory load in a variety of paradigms, and these manipulations are generally associated with slow negative potentials rather than the positive potential observed here (King & Kutas, 1995;Mecklinger & Pfeifer, 1996;Mecklinger, Schriefers, Steinhauer, & Friederici, 1995;Münte, Schiltz, & Kutas, 1998;Roeder, Rösler, & Hennighausen, 1997;Ruchkin, Johnson, Grafman, Canoune, & Ritter, 1992.…”

Section: What's Special About Rule Use?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Multidimensional Rule, Unidimensional Rule, and Similarity Strategies in Categorization: Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates.

Folstein¹,

Petten²

2004

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Forty participants assigned artificial creatures to categories after explicit rule instruction or feedback alone. Stimuli were typical and atypical exemplars of 2 categories with independent prototypes, conflicting exemplars sharing features of both categories, and "Others" with only 1 or 2 features of the well-defined categories. Ten feedback-only participants spontaneously adopted a unidimensional rule; 10 used a multidimensional similarity strategy. Event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded during the transfer phase showed a commonality between multidimensional rule and similarity strategies in late frontal brain activity that differentiated both from unidimensional rule use. Multidimensional rule users alone showed an earlier prefrontal ERP effect that may reflect inhibition of responses based on similarity. The authors also discuss the role of declarative memory for features and exemplars.

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Section: What's Special About Rule Use?mentioning

confidence: 96%

Multidimensional Rule, Unidimensional Rule, and Similarity Strategies in Categorization: Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates.

Folstein¹,

Petten²

2004

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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“…Thus, this negativity shows functional and topographical similarities to other negative components that appear to be specific for working memory operations that include aspects oflanguage (Kluender & Kutas, 1993;Lang et al, 1987;Ruchkin, Johnson, Grafman, Canoune, & Ritter, 1992). For example, Ruchkin et al (1992) found the amplitude of a left frontal negativity to be correlated with working memory load during phonological memory operations. Kluender and Kutas (1993) found the amplitude of a left frontal negativity to be related to working memory load during filler gap assignment operations.…”

Section: Individual Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing relative clauses varying on syntactic and semantic dimensions: An analysis with event-related potentials

et al. 1995

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Event-related potentials were used to study how parsing of German relative clauses is influenced by semantic information, Subjects read well-formed sentences containing either a subject or an object relative clause and answered questions concerning the thematic roles expressed in those sentences. Half of the sentences contained past participles that on grounds of semantic plausibility biased either a subject or an object relative reading; the other half contained past participles that provided no semantic information favoring either reading. The past participle elicited an N400 component, larger in amplitude for neutral than for semantically biased verbs, but this occurred only in the case of subject relative clauses. More specific effects were obtained only for a subgroup of subjects, when these were grouped into fast and slow comprehenders on the basis of their questionanswering reaction times. Fast comprehenders showed larger N400 amplitudes for neutral than for semantically biased past participles in general and larger N400s for the latter when there was a bias for an object relative reading as opposed to a subject relative reading. Syntactic ambiguity resolution, indicated by an auxiliary in sentence final position, was associated in this subgroup with a positive component (P345), larger in amplitude for auxiliaries indicating an object relative reading than for those indicating a subject relative reading. The latter component was independent of semantically biasing information given by a preceding past participle. Implications of these findings for models of language comprehension are considered.Most of the models of language comprehension assume that in forming a representation of a linguistic input the reader or listener exploits grammatical as well as pragmatic knowledge. Although there is general agreement that language comprehension involves the integration of information from lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic sources, there is an ongoing debate with respect to the nature and the timing ofthe mental processes involved in language comprehension (e.g., Flores d' Arcais, 1990;Frazier, 1987a). One major issue in psycholinguistic research is the stage of processing at which syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information are made available This work was supported by grants from the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Fr 519/12-2). We wish to thank Erdmut Pfeifer for his support in software production for the present experiment. We are grateful to Lee Osterhout and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on an earlier draft ofthis article and to Douglas Saddy for fruitful discussions. Requests for reprints can be sent to A. Mecklinger,

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“…Recent ERP studies have shown that certain slow potentials are associated with working memory (Lang, Starr, Lang, Lindinger, & Ruchkin et al, 1994;Ruchkin, Johnson, Grafman, Canoune, & Ritter, 1992). These slow potentials were found to index working memory, not just preparatory processes (Ruchkin et al, 1995) and showed different topographies in visual compared to auditory tasks (Lang et al, 1992; Ruchkin et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These slow potentials were found to index working memory, not just preparatory processes (Ruchkin et al, 1995) and showed different topographies in visual compared to auditory tasks (Lang et al, 1992; Ruchkin et al, 1992). While several ERP studies have used delayed match to sample tasks (Lang et al, 1992; Ruchkin et al, 1992Ruchkin et al, ,1994Ruchkin et al, ,1995, there has been only one preliminary ERP study of a visuospatial DRT in humans (Rama et al, 1995). They reported increased negative slow potential activity duTing the delay interval for memory compared to control trials mama et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Memory Load and Distraction on Performance and Event-Related Slow Potentials in a Visuospatial Working Memory Task

Geffen

Wright

Green

et al. 1997

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Brain electrical activity related to working memory was recorded at 15 scalp electrodes during a visuospatial delayed response task. Participants (N = 18) touched the remembered position of a target on a computer screen after either a 1 or 8 sec delay. These memory trials were compared to sensory trials in which the target remained present throughout the delay and response periods. Distractor stimuli identical to the target were briefly presented during the delay on 30% of trials. Responses were less accurate in memory than sensory trials, especially after the long delay. During the delay slow potentials developed that were significantly more negative in memory

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Distinctions and similarities among working memory processes: an event-related potential study

Cited by 221 publications

References 28 publications

Multidimensional Rule, Unidimensional Rule, and Similarity Strategies in Categorization: Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates.

Multidimensional Rule, Unidimensional Rule, and Similarity Strategies in Categorization: Event-Related Brain Potential Correlates.

Processing relative clauses varying on syntactic and semantic dimensions: An analysis with event-related potentials

Effects of Memory Load and Distraction on Performance and Event-Related Slow Potentials in a Visuospatial Working Memory Task

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