Distinctive Anatomical Patterns of the Mandibular Coronoid Process, Condyle, and Sigmoid Notch: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Imaging for Advanced Personal Identification

Abstract

Introduction:The human mandible plays a significant role in personal identification due to its unique morphological characteristics. The coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch exhibit variations that can be utilized for forensic and anthropological purposes. This study aims to analyze the morphological diversities of these mandibular features in our ethnic group using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using 100 CBCT images obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. The images were captured using Carestream 9600 machines (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, GA) with standard exposure parameters. Curved slicing screenshots were utilized for tracing the morphological variations of the coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch.Results: Out of 100 CBCT images analyzed (corresponding to 200 sides), the shape-wise distribution of the coronoid process revealed that a triangular shape was most commonly observed in 59% (118) of cases. The condyle exhibited a predominantly round shape in 38.7% (77) of cases based on shape parameter-wise distribution. Similarly, the sigmoid notch displayed a round shape in 40.5% (81) of cases based on shapewise distribution.Conclusion: Personal identification using radiographs has gained significance in the current scenario due to its feasibility. Cone beam computed tomography imaging has become a reliable and accurate method for revealing hidden details in forensic odontology, especially when antemortem records are available. This research sheds light on the morphological variations of the mandibular coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch within our ethnic cohort, enhancing personal identification practices. Further research encompassing larger sample sizes and diverse populations would enhance the applicability of these findings in forensic and anthropological contexts.