Distinctive fungal and bacterial communities are associated with mats formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi

Kluber, Laurel A.; Smith, Jane E.; Myrold, David D.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.01.022

Cited by 45 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Higher chitinase levels have also been reported from soils containing ECM mycelial mats compared with nonmat soils (Kluber et al, 2011). In this case, the NAGase decrease most likely indicates a decrease in fungal biomass, especially that of the ECM fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Because the fungus has been reported to harbor genes for exocellulase and lignin-degrading class II peroxidase (Bö deker et al, 2009;Š tursová et al, 2012), it may be able to decompose the structural polymers of dead spruce roots. Because the mycelial mats of ECM fungi, for example, Piloderma, harbor a specific community of fungi and bacteria distinct from the non-mat soil (Kluber et al, 2011), the disappearance of ECM mats most likely affects a wider spectrum of other taxa. Although the ECM fungi disappeared, the genera Cadophora and Meliniomyces, forming ericoid mycorrhiza with the roots of bilberries and grasses, remained abundant because their plant hosts were not affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

et al. 2014

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Coniferous forests cover extensive areas of the boreal and temperate zones. Owing to their primary production and C storage, they have an important role in the global carbon balance. Forest disturbances such as forest fires, windthrows or insect pest outbreaks have a substantial effect on the functioning of these ecosystems. Recent decades have seen an increase in the areas affected by disturbances in both North America and Europe, with indications that this increase is due to both local human activity and global climate change. Here we examine the structural and functional response of the litter and soil microbial community in a Picea abies forest to tree dieback following an invasion of the bark beetle Ips typographus, with a specific focus on the fungal community. The insect-induced disturbance rapidly and profoundly changed vegetation and nutrient availability by killing spruce trees so that the readily available root exudates were replaced by more recalcitrant, polymeric plant biomass components. Owing to the dramatic decrease in photosynthesis, the rate of decomposition processes in the ecosystem decreased as soon as the one-time litter input had been processed. The fungal community showed profound changes, including a decrease in biomass (2.5-fold in the litter and 12-fold in the soil) together with the disappearance of fungi symbiotic with tree roots and a relative increase in saprotrophic taxa. Within the latter group, successive changes reflected the changing availability of needle litter and woody debris. Bacterial biomass appeared to be either unaffected or increased after the disturbance, resulting in a substantial increase in the bacterial/fungal biomass ratio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

et al. 2014

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“…Presumably soils high in EM fungal necromass production have microbial decomposer communities specializing in the degradation of chitin and other fungal compounds. For example, in EM fungal mat communities, in which soils have large quantities of standing fungal biomass, chitin and N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) are cycled quickly compared to soils where mat-forming EM fungi are absent (Zeglin et al, 2013), perhaps due to decomposer communities specializing on EM fungal necromass in mat soils (Kluber et al, 2011). DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) techniques coupled to molecular methods and bioinformatics might be an approach that will allow us to trace C and N that is found in EM fungal necromass into decomposer pools (Drigo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Decomposer Communities and Extracellular Enzyme Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

Fernandez¹,

Langley

Chapman

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

180

109

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a b s t r a c tThe turnover of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal biomass represents a significant input into forest carbon (C) and nutrient cycles. Given the size of these fluxes, understanding the factors that control the decomposition of this necromass will greatly improve understanding of C and nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Recent research has highlighted the considerable variation in the decomposition rates of EM fungal necromass, and patterns from this research are beginning to emerge. In this article we review the research that has examined both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control the decomposition of EM fungal necromass and propose additional factors that may strongly influence EM fungal necromass decomposition and ecosystem properties. We argue that, as with most plant litters, the stoichiometry (C:N) of EM necromass is an important factor governing decomposition, but its role is modulated by the nature of the C and N in the tissue. In particular, melanin concentration appears to negatively influence the quality of EM fungal necromass much as lignin does in plant litters. Other intrinsic factors such as the morphology of the mycelium may also play a large role and suggest this as a focus for future research. Extrinsic factors, such as decomposer community activity and physical protection by soil, are also likely to be important in governing the decomposition of ectomycorrhizal necromass in situ. Finally, we highlight the potential importance of EM fungal necromass diversity and abundance in influencing terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. Understanding the factors that control the decomposition of EM necromass will then improve the predictive power of next-generation terrestrial biosphere models.

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“…EcM mats are common at HJ Andrews, and we chose this site in part because it contained sufficient not-mat areas to provide contrasts with mat-colonized soils, and it has also been examined in previous studies (Dunham et al, 2007;Kluber et al, 2011;Griffiths et al, 1996). The forest was ∼450 yr old, dominated by Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), both hosts for many EcM species, and western redcedar (Thuja plicata), a host for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which do not form mats.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rhizomorphic mats in the organic soil horizon have shown similar soil water content and root abundance as nonmat soils (Griffiths et al, 1990;Kluber et al, 2010). Recent molecular analyses of mat and non-mat soils also showed that non-mat soils are not devoid of fungi, but rather may be dominated by non-rhizomorphic fungi, including both EcM and saprotrophic fungi, that are less visible to the naked eye (Kluber et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats to forest soil respiration

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Distinct aggregations of fungal hyphae and rhizomorphs, or "mats", formed by some genera of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi are common features of soils in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. We measured in situ respiration rates of Piloderma mats and neighboring non-mat soils in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in western Oregon to investigate whether there was higher respiration from mats, and to estimate mat contributions to total soil respiration. We found that areas where Piloderma mats colonized the organic horizon often had higher soil surface flux than non-mats, with the relative increase in respiration averaging 16% across two growing seasons. Both soil physical factors and biochemistry were related to the higher surface flux of mat soils. When soil moisture was high, soil CO2 production was concentrated into near-surface soil horizons where mats tend to colonize, resulting in greater apparent differences in respiration between mat and non-mat soils. Respiration rates were also correlated with the activity of chitin-degrading soil enzymes. This finding supports the notion that the abundance of fungal biomass in EcM mats is an important driver of C and N cycling. We found Piloderma mats present across 57% of the exposed soil, and use this value to estimate a respiratory contribution from mats at the stand-scale of about 9% of total soil respiration. The activity of EcM mats, which includes both EcM fungi and microbial associates, appeared to constitute a substantial portion of total soil respiration in this old-growth Douglas-fir forest.

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Distinctive fungal and bacterial communities are associated with mats formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 45 publications

References 75 publications

When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

When the forest dies: the response of forest soil fungi to a bark beetle-induced tree dieback

The decomposition of ectomycorrhizal fungal necromass

Contributions of ectomycorrhizal fungal mats to forest soil respiration

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