Distinctive genetic signatures in the Libyan Jews

Rosenberg, Noah A.; Woolf, Eilon; Pritchard, Jonathan K.; Schaap, Tamar; Gefel, Dov; Shpirer, Isaac; Lavi, U.; Bonné‐Tamir, Batsheva; Hillel, J.; Feldman, Marcus W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.98.3.858

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This study supports and expands the classification of Jewish populations that has been developed by us and others (14)(15)(16). It defines North African Jews as a distinct branch with significant relatedness to European and Middle Eastern Jews, with both being part of a larger Jewish cluster.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Earlier studies based on blood group markers and serum proteins differentiated North African Jews from other Jewish groups and from non-Jewish North Africans (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). A more recent study identified a distinctive signature for Libyan Jews (15). Here, this signature was confirmed and shown to be shared by Djerban and Tunisian Jews.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Most studies were limited to one or two North African groups. One study challenged the story line of Judean migrants, Berber tribesmen, and Sephardic Jewish refugees contributing to the formation of these groups by demonstrating shared ancestry between Libyan Jews and Yemenite and Ethiopian Jews-groups that are thought to have limited Middle Eastern Jewish ancestry (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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North African Jewish and non-Jewish populations form distinctive, orthogonal clusters

Campbell

Palamara

Dubrovsky

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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North African Jews constitute the second largest Jewish Diaspora group. However, their relatedness to each other; to European, Middle Eastern, and other Jewish Diaspora groups; and to their former North African non-Jewish neighbors has not been well defined. Here, genome-wide analysis of five North African Jewish groups (Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Djerban, and Libyan) and comparison with other Jewish and non-Jewish groups demonstrated distinctive North African Jewish population clusters with proximity to other Jewish populations and variable degrees of Middle Eastern, European, and North African admixture. Two major subgroups were identified by principal component, neighbor joining tree, and identity-by-descent analysis—Moroccan/Algerian and Djerban/Libyan—that varied in their degree of European admixture. These populations showed a high degree of endogamy and were part of a larger Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish group. By principal component analysis, these North African groups were orthogonal to contemporary populations from North and South Morocco, Western Sahara, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Thus, this study is compatible with the history of North African Jews—founding during Classical Antiquity with proselytism of local populations, followed by genetic isolation with the rise of Christianity and then Islam, and admixture following the emigration of Sephardic Jews during the Inquisition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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North African Jewish and non-Jewish populations form distinctive, orthogonal clusters

Campbell

Palamara

Dubrovsky

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This feature makes the use of these distance measures inappropriate. Therefore, we used the proportion of shared alleles distance that is free of the stepwise assumption, enjoys low variance (14), and is widely used with multilocus microsatellite data (11,12,15). We used the FITCH program in the PHYLIP package (16) with the log-transformed proportion of shared alleles distance as implemented in the computer program MICROSAT (17) to construct phylogenetic trees.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping

Matsuoka

Vigouroux²,

Goodman³

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,228

940

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There exists extraordinary morphological and genetic diversity among the maize landraces that have been developed by preColumbian cultivators. To explain this high level of diversity in maize, several authors have proposed that maize landraces were the products of multiple independent domestications from their wild relative (teosinte). We present phylogenetic analyses based on 264 individual plants, each genotyped at 99 microsatellites, that challenge the multiple-origins hypothesis. Instead, our results indicate that all maize arose from a single domestication in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. Our analyses also indicate that the oldest surviving maize types are those of the Mexican highlands with maize spreading from this region over the Americas along two major paths. Our phylogenetic work is consistent with a model based on the archaeological record suggesting that maize diversified in the highlands of Mexico before spreading to the lowlands. We also found only modest evidence for postdomestication gene flow from teosinte into maize.

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“…Most previous genetic studies focus on time frames that are either too recent (the origin of Jewish communities in the Middle East and Africa; Hammer et al 2000;Nebel et al 2001;Rosenberg et al 2001) or too ancient (the outof-Africa migration of modern humans; Passarino et al 1998;Quintana-Murci et al 1999) to provide insight about the origin and dispersal of Semitic languages and Semitic-speaking populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East

et al. 2009

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The evolution of languages provides a unique opportunity to study human population history. The origin of Semitic and the nature of dispersals by Semitic-speaking populations are of great importance to our understanding of the ancient history of the Middle East and Horn of Africa. Semitic populations are associated with the oldest written languages and urban civilizations in the region, which gave rise to some of the world's first major religious and literary traditions. In this study, we employ Bayesian computational phylogenetic techniques recently developed in evolutionary biology to analyse Semitic lexical data by modelling language evolution and explicitly testing alternative hypotheses of Semitic history. We implement a relaxed linguistic clock to date language divergences and use epigraphic evidence for the sampling dates of extinct Semitic languages to calibrate the rate of language evolution. Our statistical tests of alternative Semitic histories support an initial divergence of Akkadian from ancestral Semitic over competing hypotheses (e.g. an African origin of Semitic). We estimate an Early Bronze Age origin for Semitic approximately 5750 years ago in the Levant, and further propose that contemporary Ethiosemitic languages of Africa reflect a single introduction of early Ethiosemitic from southern Arabia approximately 2800 years ago.

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Distinctive genetic signatures in the Libyan Jews

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

North African Jewish and non-Jewish populations form distinctive, orthogonal clusters

North African Jewish and non-Jewish populations form distinctive, orthogonal clusters

A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping

Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East

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