Distinctive therapeutic uses of metaphor.

The Throwaway: An Experiential Technique to Reduce Tension and Resistance

“…Haley (1997) contended that creative metaphoric and paradoxical reframes enable changes of perspectives, attitudes, and consequent behavior. According to Cirillo and Crider (1995), a metaphor is something that represents something else. Having the students first express their feelings on paper and then throw this schoolwork out of the room were metaphors for showing them they have control over their negative thoughts and feelings.…”

Innovative and Brain-Friendly Strategies for Building a Therapeutic Alliance With Adolescents

“…Metaphors are powerful ways to show understanding and can help adolescents express complicated meaning in ways that words cannot (Cirillo & Crider, 1995). A definition of sand tray therapy is "an expressive and projective mode of psychotherapy involving the unfolding and processing of intraand inter-personal issues through the use of specific sand tray materials as a nonverbal medium of communication, led by the client(s) and facilitated by a trained therapist" (Homeyer & Sweeney, 2011, p. 4).…”

White Gloves and Cracked Vases: How Metaphors Help Group Workers Construct New Perspectives and Responses

“…The clinical literature reflects an interest in the use of metaphors, often as integral to therapeutic work, but also as a primary method (metaphor therapy) (Barker, 1996;Cirillo and Crider, 1995;Erickson and Rossi, 1980;Gergen, 1990;Kopp, 1995). Group work literature illustrates multiple uses of metaphors in the group process (Camblin, Stone, and Merritt, 1990;Gans, 1991;Gatz and Christie, 1991;Katz, 1983;McClure, 1989;Sunderland, 1997-98).…”