Distinguishing between amateur sport participants and spectators: the List of Values approach

Kurpis, Lada Helen V.; Bozman, Carl S.; Kahle, Lynn R.

doi:10.1504/ijsmm.2010.032550

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The study is conducted within the context of a natural experiment. We use a single administration of a customer satisfaction survey that been assessed repeatedly over time using scientifically rigorous survey techniques, and likely has high test-retest validity (Bozman et al, 2010;Kurpis et al, 2010). The survey contains two previously validated constructs, with multiple items in each construct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Entropy as a Quality Control Tool in Survey Research

2023

JMDC

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This manuscript assesses whether information entropy can be used to test for flaws within survey research. Under the study's null hypothesis, a set of well-designed survey items should not exhibit systematic differences in the quantity of informationas measured by information entropy -provided by specific groups of respondents. The study was conducted within the context of a major amateur sporting event in 2018. Customer satisfaction was assessed using a survey whose core questions have been assessed repeatedly over time, and which contains two previously validated constructs. One construct (the List of Values) is unchanged from its original form. Another construct (the Basic Empathy Scale) contains two original survey items, with six additional survey items added to that construct (using the same response scale). Regression analysis indicates that the well-designed set of survey items exhibit no statistically significant differences in information entropy. The poorly designed survey items exhibit statistically significant differences in information entropy, suggesting that information entropy can be a useful quality control tool in survey design and assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Entropy as a Quality Control Tool in Survey Research

2023

JMDC

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“…Most of previous studies have examined the perception of "active" sport consumers, including marathon runners, active sport tourists and volunteers, and their intention to participate in a sporting event. However, it should be mentioned that "active" sport consumers, who participate in various sport and recreational activities, are different from "passive" sport consumers, who are spectators of sport events (Funk et al, 2016;Kurpis et al, 2010;Shamir and Ruskin, 1984). For example, event participants are greatly motivated by the sense of accomplishment and excitement, while event spectators are more motivated by the warm relationship with others and sense of belonging (Kurpis et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be mentioned that "active" sport consumers, who participate in various sport and recreational activities, are different from "passive" sport consumers, who are spectators of sport events (Funk et al, 2016;Kurpis et al, 2010;Shamir and Ruskin, 1984). For example, event participants are greatly motivated by the sense of accomplishment and excitement, while event spectators are more motivated by the warm relationship with others and sense of belonging (Kurpis et al, 2010). Given the different characteristics between "active" and "passive" sport consumers, it is necessary to know whether the perception of "passive" sport participants (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between sport involvement, perceived event prestige, and the intention to attend annual spectator events

Chiu

Won

Leng

2019

APJML

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sport involvement, perceived event prestige and attendance intention of annual sporting events. In addition, it examines the moderating effects of gender and past experience on the proposed model. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected, using an on-site survey, from spectators (n=349) who attended the men’s or women’s basketball tournaments of the 2016 William Jones Cup held in Taiwan. Findings The results showed that perceived event prestige partially mediated the relationship between sport involvement and attendance intention of sporting events. Moreover, the moderating effects of gender and experience were found in the proposed model. Specifically, male spectators’ involvement had a significantly stronger influence on perceived event prestige, and, in turn, their perception of event prestige played a more significant role in influencing attendance intention. Also, sport involvement was more important in predicting attendance intention for experienced spectators whereas the prestige of the event was more important for first-time spectators. Originality/value This study suggests that sport event organizers need to employ different strategies in developing the subsequent editions of the event and retaining fans’ interest in the sport. Specifically, event organizers need to enhance the prestige of the sporting event through effective marketing communication to attract first-time spectators to the event.

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“…It is not only the reference groups but also the type of consumer that can affect the consumers' purchase intentions. Sports scholars (e.g., Burnett, Menon, & Smart, 1993;Drayer, Shapiro, Dwyer, Morse, & White, 2010;Kurpis, Bozman, & Kahle, 2010;Shoham & Kahle, 1996;Sun et al, 2004) have classified sports consumers into two types: spectatorship and participation. Spectatorship is explained as consumers attending or watching sports on television or at a stadium (Bennett et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Reference Groups on the Purchase Intentions of Sporting Products: The Case for Spectatorship and Participation

Pransopon

Hoonsopon

2019

AAMJ

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of reference groups and different types of sports consumers on their purchase intentions for sporting products. Several studies have examined the role of reference groups (private and public) on purchase intentions in the sports marketing area. However, there is a shortage of investigation into the impact of reference groups for each type of sports consumer (spectatorship and participation). Additionally, the effect of strangers on the purchase intentions of sports consumers has been overlooked. After drawing from the social identity theory and conducting experimental research with 593 respondents who have interest in either watching or playing sports, as well as analysing the research with structural equation modelling, the results show that private groups influence the purchase intentions of participation for sporting products. However, public groups and strangers influence the spectatorship purchase intentions of sporting products. This study provides a contribution to the social identity theory by revealing that reference groups provide a diverse effect on purchase intentions for each type of sports consumer.

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Distinguishing between amateur sport participants and spectators: the List of Values approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Information Entropy as a Quality Control Tool in Survey Research

Information Entropy as a Quality Control Tool in Survey Research

The relationship between sport involvement, perceived event prestige, and the intention to attend annual spectator events

The Impact of Reference Groups on the Purchase Intentions of Sporting Products: The Case for Spectatorship and Participation

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