Distinguishing between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Butler, Alexandra E.; Misselbrook, David

doi:10.1136/bmj.m2998

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The algorithm used to classify diabetes type was preliminarily based on criteria recommended by the WHO. Since these were not clearly cut with respect to age at diagnosis, we additionally applied those of the UK’s RCGP (Royal College of General Practitioners) and previous studies assessing clinical characteristics of T1D patients and optimal T1D classification algorithms based on clinical features [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. A cohort member with self-reported diabetes was therefore classified as T1D under the following conditions: Age at diagnosis ≤40 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the German National Cohort

Tanoey

Bächle

Brenner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Global incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is rising and nearly half occurred in adults. However, it is unclear if certain early-life childhood T1D risk factors were also associated with adult-onset T1D. This study aimed to assess associations between birth order, delivery mode or daycare attendance and type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk in a population-based cohort and whether these were similar for childhood- and adult-onset T1D (cut-off age 15); (2) Methods: Data were obtained from the German National Cohort (NAKO Gesundheitsstudie) baseline assessment. Self-reported diabetes was classified as T1D if: diagnosis age ≤ 40 years and has been receiving insulin treatment since less than one year after diagnosis. Cox regression was applied for T1D risk analysis; (3) Results: Analyses included 101,411 participants (100 childhood- and 271 adult-onset T1D cases). Compared to “only-children”, HRs for second- or later-born individuals were 0.70 (95% CI = 0.50–0.96) and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45–0.94), respectively, regardless of parental diabetes, migration background, birth year and perinatal factors. In further analyses, higher birth order reduced T1D risk in children and adults born in recent decades. Caesarean section and daycare attendance showed no clear associations with T1D risk; (4) Conclusions: Birth order should be considered in both children and adults’ T1D risk assessment for early detection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the German National Cohort

Tanoey

Bächle

Brenner

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Patients classified as T2D were all over 40 years, did not require insulin administration, and were initially diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association criteria (casual plasma glucose concentration ≥ 200 mg·dL −1 or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg·dL −1 or 2‐h glucose ≥ 200 mg·dL −1 after the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) [21,22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes: prognostic and genetic interactions

Ottaiano

Circelli²,

Santorsola

et al. 2021

Molecular Oncology

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The present study was undertaken to analyze prognostic and genetic interactions between type 2 diabetes and metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients’ survival was depicted through the Kaplan–Meier product limit method. Prognostic factors were examined through the Cox proportional‐hazards regression model, and associations between diabetes and clinical‐pathologic variables were evaluated by the χ2 test. In total, 203 metastatic colorectal cancer patients were enrolled. Lymph nodes (P = 0.0004) and distant organs (> 2 distant sites, P = 0.0451) were more frequently involved in diabetic patients compared with those without diabetes. Diabetes had an independent statistically significant negative prognostic value for survival. Highly selected patients with cancer and/or diabetes as their only illness(es) were divided into three groups: (a) seven oligo‐metastatic patients without diabetes, (b) 10 poly‐metastatic patients without diabetes, and (c) 12 poly‐metastatic diabetic patients. These groups of patients were genetically characterized through the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 (San Diego, CA, USA) platform and TruSigt™Oncology 500 kit, focusing on genes involved in diabetes and colorectal cancer. Gene variants associated with diabetes and cancer were more frequent in patients in group 3. We found that type 2 diabetes is a negative prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer. Diabetes‐associated gene variants could concur with malignancy, providing a rational basis for innovative models of tumor progression and therapy.

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“…Two types of diabetes mellitus have been described: type 1 and 2. Type 2 DM is the most common, accounting for 90% of cases and is mainly caused by a lifestyle with high-calorie diets, low physical activity, or smoking [1]. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections, especially fungal infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida species oral detection and infection in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

Rodríguez-Archilla¹,

Piedra-Rosales²

2021

Iberoam J Med

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that induces elevated plasma glucose levels. Diabetic patients are more susceptible to infections, especially fungal infections. There is a direct relationship between increased blood glucose levels and the number of Candida hyphae in the oral mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate oral candidiasis and the different Candida species found in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Methods: A search for studies on oral candidiasis and diabetes mellitus was carried out in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar. For dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of effects of an intervention were expressed as odds ratios (OR) using the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 25 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Diabetes Mellitus patients tripled the probability of being infected by Candida species (OR:3.16, p<0.001). Likewise, Candida species infections were more likely in patients with poor glycemic control (OR:2.94, p<0.001) and with dentures (OR:2.22, p<0.001). In contrast, neither gender nor diabetes mellitus type of diabetes conditioned fungal infections (p>0.05). The most prevalent Candida species in both diabetics and controls were C. albicans and C. tropicalis. Diabetics had significantly fewer C. non-albicans species oral infections than non-diabetics (p=0.04). Conclusions: Diabetics are more prone to oral candidiasis, especially C. albicans infections.

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Distinguishing between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the German National Cohort

Birth Order, Caesarean Section, or Daycare Attendance in Relation to Child- and Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Results from the German National Cohort

Metastatic colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes: prognostic and genetic interactions

Candida species oral detection and infection in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

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