Distinguishing exploitation, domestication, cultivation and production: the olive in the third millennium Aegean

Margaritis, Evi

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00049437

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…80). Cereals arrived at the site after initial processing in or around the fields where they had been grown, and only the late stages of the removal of any impurities were undertaken at the site, obviating the need for substantial on-site labour (Margaritis 2013a).…”

Section: Environmental and Bioarchaeological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary approaches to the prehistory of Keros

Renfrew¹,

Boyd²,

Margaritis³

2018

Arch. Rep.

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First investigated archaeologically in 1963, it is only with the recent publication of the 2006–2008 excavations that the nature of the Early Bronze Age sanctuary and settlement on Keros is becoming clear. Further investigations – a survey in 2012–2013 and excavations in 2016–2018 – have expanded our knowledge of the sanctuary. This paper sets out the interdisciplinary nature of the research on Keros, highlighting the contribution of a panoply of environmental techniques built into the project methodology from its inception, with all sampling taking place during the excavation itself. In addition, compositional and microscopic analyses of materials such as ceramics, metals and marble contribute to understanding their manufacture and provenance. Finally, taphonomic analyses include micromorphological and soil-chemistry studies, both of which are the largest of their kind yet undertaken in the Aegean. The reflexive contribution of all these specialisms to the ongoing study and publication of the site is described.

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Section: Environmental and Bioarchaeological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary approaches to the prehistory of Keros

Renfrew¹,

Boyd²,

Margaritis³

2018

Arch. Rep.

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“…21 Adam-Veleni and Mangafa 1996; Margaritis andJones 2008a, 2008b. The pulp and epidermis can survive, but it is rare, and the epidermis will often disintegrate during flotation (Margaritis and Jones 2008a, 397).…”

Section: Identification Of Pomace In the Archaeological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42 Hadjisavvas 1996, 67. 43 In Greece, only 16 sites, dated to between 1050 and 500 B.C.E., have been subject to archaeobotanical investigation (Megaloudi 2006, 77-9;Margaritis 2007).…”

Section: Identification Of Pomace In the Archaeological Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olive Oil Pressing Waste as a Fuel Source in Antiquity

Rowan

2015

American Journal of Archaeology

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The recovery of large quantities of fragmented carbonized olive stones from archaeological sites around the Mediterranean indicates that olive oil pressing waste (pomace) was used as a domestic and industrial fuel source throughout antiquity. Olive pomace burns at a high and constant temperature, making it an ideal fuel for heating and cooking as well as firing pottery and lime kilns. The Roman period is characterized by an expansion in pomace use both quantitatively and geographically. Beginning in the first century C.E., pomace fuel was introduced into new urban markets and began to play a larger role in industrial production. This article highlights the history of pomace use in antiquity, focusing primarily on the changes that took place during the Roman period. The article also seeks to establish a set of identification criteria that will enable archaeologists to distinguish pomace residue from other sources of carbonized olive stones, including ritual and table waste. 1 introduction While wood and charcoal were undoubtedly the most widespread and commonly used fuels in antiquity, they were not the only sources of fuel, nor were they always the least expensive or the most favored. Cereal chaff, dung, coal, and animal fats, among others, were also used. 2 There is growing scholarly recognition of the use of secondary fuels in the ancient world, particularly with reference to the production of a specific good, such as pottery. 3 Olive oil pressings-so-called press cake, or pomace, 4 the solid material that remains after the oil is collected-provide an underrated yet highly archaeologically observable example of these secondary fuels. The carbonization process turns material into a mass of carbon that does not decompose, is impervious to microbial attack, and does not react with other minerals and chemicals. 5 Thus, the burning of pomace leaves behind fragments of carbonized olive stone, which are durable and invulnerable to decay. 1 I thank especially Andrew Wilson for his continued assistance, as well as Mark Robinson and the anonymous reviewers for the AJA for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. I am grateful to Nicolas Monteix and Robyn Veal, who shared their research with me and offered valuable advice. An audience at the "Fuel and Fire in the Ancient Roman World" conference at the British School at Rome provided useful feedback on the presentation of an early version of this paper, as did discussions with Anaya Sarpaki and C. Margaret Scarry at the 2013 International Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany conference in Thessaloniki. Finally, I would like to thank the Herculaneum Conservation Project and the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Pompei, Ercolano e Stabia for allowing me to study their material and Maxine Anastasi for the creation of the fig. 3 map. The opinions expressed here and any remaining errors are my own. Figures are my own unless otherwise noted.

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“…Indicators for small/ household-scale production are, in addition to the relevant archaeobotanical remains, tools such as pestles and grinding 107 Zohary et al 2012, 116. 108 Margaritis & Jones 2006, 2007Margaritis 2013. stones and minor storage containers, for instance, jars, jugs and cooking pots.…”

Section: Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2014. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results

Fischer

Bürge

Trinks³

et al. 2015

OpAthRom

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Abstract**The initial aim of the project-the search for the oldest city of Hala Sultan Tekke-continued in 2014. Geophysical methods were used, which led to the discovery of new city quarters, and a broadening of the research objectives, to include revealing the total extent of the city. The GPR survey indicated a huge stone compound of at least 50 m × 40 m to the west of a probable street. Excavations continued in Area 6 West, where in 2013 a domestic and industrial compound was excavated as part of a hitherto unknown city quarter. The 2014 field work exposed stone-built structures and rich find contexts with locally made and imported pottery, numerous tools and several items of gold and silver jewellery. The violent destruction of the most recent layer of occupation, Stratum 1, which had been observed during previous seasons, was once again confirmed. Another georadar and magnetic survey west of the mosque of Hala Sultan Tekke indicated numerous circular anomalies. Five of these were excavated and turned out to be four wells and an offering pit. One of the wells was reused for human burials. Another well contained the skeleton of an equid, a complete bull figurine and a cylinder seal of haematite.

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Distinguishing exploitation, domestication, cultivation and production: the olive in the third millennium Aegean

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Interdisciplinary approaches to the prehistory of Keros

Interdisciplinary approaches to the prehistory of Keros

Olive Oil Pressing Waste as a Fuel Source in Antiquity

The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2014. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results

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