Distinguishing medullary carcinoma of the breast from high‐grade hormone receptor‐negative invasive ductal carcinoma: an immunohistochemical approach

Abstract

Hormone receptor-negative high-grade IDCs are significantly associated with luminal differentiation, Her2 and AP-2 alpha overexpression, whereas MCs tend to display myoepithelial features. Markers analysed in this study are of diagnostic value regarding the differential diagnosis of MCs.

Typical medullary breast carcinoma: clinical outcomes and treatment results

“…Similar population, microscopic and clinical characteristics, as well as immunohistochemically studied factors can be found quite often in the literature, obviously in varying frequency and intensity [1,2,15,17,18,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, it is important to stress that making strict comparisons between the present study group of patients and groups presented by other authors is very difficult and remains a questionable approach, since a T-MBC diagnosis itself is problematic and controversial.…”

“…Bertucci et al [6] and Vo et al [30] reported exactly the same percentage of pT1 and pT2 tumours. Hang et al reported that tumours < 5 cm accounted for 92.3% [28] of the total, while Cao et al gave a figure of 97.4% [18] and Flucke et al -98.2% [17]. Meanwhile both Wang et al [29] and Vu-Nishino et al [16] reported that such tumours accounted for approximately 100% of their cases.…”

“…Immunohistochemically T-MBC is usually characterised by features typical of basal-like carcinomas; they do not express oestrogen, progesterone and HER 2/neu receptors. Hence, they were included in so-called "triple-negative" breast carcinomas [1,[5][6][7][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Medullary Carcinoma of the Breast: Roentgenologic and Ultrasound Semiotics

“…Согласно результатам различных исследований, метастазирование при медуллярном РМЖ определя-ется в 7-30 % наблюдений в регионарные лимфатиче-ские узлы, а в 11 % случаев отмечается отдаленное метастазирование [5,10,12,13,19,22,23]. Метастазы в лимфатические узлы характерны для атипичной формы медуллярного рака и инвазивного протокового РМЖ с признаками медуллярного строения и доста-точно редко определяются при типичном медуллярном РМЖ [5].…”

Comparison of Genome Aberrations Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Breast Cancer

“…Mammary gland formation consists of three stages: organogenesis, which grows from terminal end bud (TEB) to non-pregnant primary ductal system with cuboidal epithelial cells and is stimulated by prolactin; mature gland formation, with highly branched ducts and lobular buds; pregnancy gland formation, through the stimulation of several hormones with differentiation of lobular buds into fully differentiated type III lobules with milk secreting columnal cells. These complicated differentiation processes involve temporal controls from hormones, cytokines, specific transcription factors, growth factors as well as contribution from stromal elements including myoepithelial cells, base membrane and a collection of integrins (Ahmad and Kumar, 2011;Chen and Capecchi, 1999;Chodosh et al, 1999;Flucke et al, 2010;Howell and Evans, 2011;Li et al, 2010;Okoh et al, 2011;Tamimi et al, 2011). As a major organ involved in pregnancy the major player in mammary gland development is hormone.…”