Distracted walking: Cell phones increase injury risk for college pedestrians

Stavrinos, Despina; Byington, Katherine W.; Schwebel, David C.

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2011.01.004

Cited by 203 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Seventy-seven percent of the world's population have mobile phones, and they have been recognized as a cost-effective communication tool [1]. Although mobile phones provide great convenience, they cause risks in certain situations [2]. Pedestrian use of mobile phones increases cognitive distraction, decreases the ability to react to sudden changes, and increases disturbing actions causing injury or even death [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Cha

Kim

Park

et al. 2015

PTRS

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Objective: This study was conducted to test the effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twelve healthy adults aged 20 to 36 years (mean 23.5 years) were tested under six different conditions. All participants used touchscreen smartphones. Testing conditions included: 1) Walking with an obstruction under a bright illumination level; 2) walking with an obstruction with a low level of illumination; 3) walking with an obstruction while texting under a bright illumination level; 4) walking with an obstruction while texting with a low level of illumination; 5) walking with an obstruction while gaming under a bright illumination level; and 6) walking with an obstruction while gaming with a low level of illumination. All participants were asked to text the Korean national anthem by their own phone and play Temple Run 2 using an iPhone 5. Gait variances were measured over a distance of 3 m, and the mean value after three trials was used. A gait analyzer was used to measure the data. Results: Compared to normal gait with obstruction, gait speed, step length, stride length, step time, stride time, cadence while texting and gaming showed significant differences (p<0.05). Differences between the illumination levels included gait speed, step length, stride length, and step time (p<0.05) with no significant differences in stride time and cadence. Conclusions: Dual-tasking using a smartphone under low levels of illumination lowers the quality of gait with obstructions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Cha

Kim

Park

et al. 2015

PTRS

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“…This has been the major focus of a number of pedestrian studies. For example, studies dealing with pedestrian safety, in both signalised and un-signalised intersections, have been carried out by Muraleetharan et al [21], King et al [3] and Guo et al [22]; pedestrian risk-taking behaviour [4,23,24], such as drunk pedestrians [25], distracted walking [26], illegal pedestrian crossing behaviour [3,26], across different age groups, such as child pedestrians [27] and college students [26]; modelling pedestrian behaviour [28]; and pedestrian safety factors [5]. However, traffic signals are effective only when traffic rules are enforced as intended.…”

Section: Walkability and The Evaluation Of Pedestrian Crossings: A Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Crossing Environments in an Emerging Chinese City: Vehicle Encountering, Seamless Walking, and Sensory Perception Perspectives

Kim¹,

Mateo-Babiano²

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:While pedestrian crossings play a vital role in providing seamless mobility for pedestrians, they have also continually been spaces of negotiation, contestation, and conflicts between and among different users. Several evidences have shown that such conflict has always been costly, risky, and even fatal to pedestrians. This research aims to assess the pedestrian crossing from an operational perspective in one emerging Chinese city, Suzhou. To evaluate, this research has developed three indices associated with vehicle encountering (VE index), crossing time (CT index) and H-index which refers to audio-sensory perception or a count on the number of horns. This research used video and audio recordings on sample pedestrian crossings. Pedestrians encountered 1.16 vehicles on average when crossing at the sample roads. The average CT index was 1.19 signifying that pedestrians waited for 19% more than their seamless walking when there was no pedestrian crossing. The H index was 5.8 on average at peak time, meaning that there were 5.8 horns (Hs) from vehicles every one minute or approximately one H per every 10 s at a pedestrian crossing. The analysis of these three indices was strengthened by multilevel regression and multi-variable regression analyses. The paper concludes with insights on how the level of safety of inferior walking environments associated with ambiguous traffic rules, vehicle-prioritised traffic behaviours and passive roles of traffic police officers can be improved.

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“…Similar to the earlier study conducted with children, Stavrinos et al (2011) also conducted two simulator studies of college students in a similar virtual environment to investigate whether college-age pedestrians would behave in a riskier manner while distracted by a cell phone conversation. First, they examined the behaviors of 108 participants from an introductory psychology course at a local university.…”

Section: Simulation Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second study, Stavrinos et al (2011) examined the impact of particular types of distraction on pedestrian injury risk, including engaging in a cell phone conversation, engaging in a spatial task verbally by phone (the instructions were to describe sights they would see walking through their apartments), and engaging in a mental arithmetic task verbally by phone (count backwards by threes). The findings revealed a significant main effect of distraction conditions that participants were less safe under the three distraction conditions than when undistracted.…”

Section: Simulation Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electronic Device Use on Pedestrian Safety: A Literature Review1

2016

Annals of Emergency Medicine

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Distracted walking: Cell phones increase injury risk for college pedestrians

Cited by 203 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Pedestrian Crossing Environments in an Emerging Chinese City: Vehicle Encountering, Seamless Walking, and Sensory Perception Perspectives

Effect of Electronic Device Use on Pedestrian Safety: A Literature Review1

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