Distractibility with advancing age and Parkinson's disease

Machado, Liana; Devine, Amy; Wyatt, Natalie

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.02.018

Cited by 48 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Hasher, et al, 2007), and reduced resistance to irrelevant distracters (e.g. Andres, et al, 2006; Georgiou-Karistianis, et al, 2006; Machado, et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, there is also evidence that age-related changes in low-level vision can hardly be the single (or even the main) account for face recognition impairments (Anstey, et al, 2002). Indeed, other studies suggested that face recognition difficulties might be caused by age-related impairments in higher-level perceptual processes, such as the inability to quickly transform perceptual representations into familiar templates (Habak, et al, 2008), reduced neural specialization for faces (Park, et al, 2004; Payer, et al, 2006), impaired categorical perception (Kiffel, et al, 2005), changes in face-scanning strategies (Firestone, et al, 2007), impaired spatiotemporal integration (Del Viva and Agostini, 2007; Norton, et al, 2009), reduced sensory processing speed (Salthouse, 1996; Salthouse, 2000), reduced attention/working memory capacity (Bopp and Verhaeghen, 2005; Lange and Verhaeghen, 2009), augmented distractibility (Healey, et al, 2008; Machado, et al, 2009), impaired pre-frontal inhibitory control (Chao and Knight, 1997; for reviews see Grady, 2008; Reuter-Lorenz, 2002), and reduced cognitive flexibility as evidenced by a general reduction in task switching performance (Reimers and Maylor, 2005). Given this wealth of studies suggesting that impaired face recognition might result from perceptual impairments, it is surprising that only a few studies attempted to directly investigate possible age-related changes in the perceptual processes involved in face recognition.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Age-related changes in processing faces from detection to identification: ERP evidence

Daniel¹,

Bentin²

2012

Neurobiology of Aging

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We examined the ability of people 70 to 90 years old to apply global, configural and featural faceprocessing strategies. In addition we investigated age-related changes in the ability to categorize faces at basic, subordinate and individual levels. Using the N170 potential as index of early face processing and the P300 component as index of categorical decision making and effort, we found significant age-related perceptual changes which slowed and somewhat impaired face processing. Specifically, older participants had problems integrating face features into global structures, demonstrating enhanced dependence on distal global information. They did not apply configural computations by default while processing faces which suggests that, unless identification is required, they process faces only at a basic level. These perceptual changes could be the cause for slower and less accurate subordinate categorization, particularly when it is based on details. At the neural levels face processing was not right-lateralized, reflecting excessive involvement of the left hemisphere in perception leading to a more general reduction of inter-hemispheric asymmetry. In addition we found excessive but nonselective activation of frontal regions adding support to the view that executive control and particularly inhibition of irrelevant input are reduced in the elderly.Evidence from human (Bian and Andersen, 2008;Fiorentini, et al., 1996;Habak and Faubert, 2000) and monkey research (e.g. Wang, et al., 2005;Zhang, et al., 2008) indicates that, though not dramatically (e.g. Norman, et al., 2008), the efficiency of visual perception declines with age even in healthy individuals. Within this framework age-associated changes in face recognition have been the focus of many studies using performance (e.g. Bartlett and Fulton, 1991;Boutet and Faubert, 2006;Habak, et al., 2008) as well as EEG (e.g. Pfutze, et al., 2002) and hemodynamic neuroimaging (e.g. Grady, 2002;Grady, et al., 2007) methods. Most of these studies revealed reduced face recognition ability in the elderly (e.g. Lott, et al., 2005;Searcy, et al., 1999), even more so than it is evident for object recognition (Boutet © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved Address for Correspondence: Shlomo Bentin, PhD Department of Psychology Hebrew University Jerusalem 91905 Israel shlomo.bentin@huji.ac.il Tel xx972 2 5881090 Fax xx972 2 5825659. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Disclosure Statement We declare no actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or...

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“…Hasher, et al, 2007), and reduced resistance to irrelevant distracters (e.g. Andres, et al, 2006; Georgiou-Karistianis, et al, 2006; Machado, et al, 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in processing faces from detection to identification: ERP evidence

Daniel¹,

Bentin²

2012

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…Based on the findings of Lichtenstein-Vidne et al (2012), we expected to find that for young adults, the task-irrelevant affective flankers would not distract from the digit task in either level of difficulty. For older adults, we hypothesized that if older adults are less able to ignore or disengage from task-irrelevant distractors (e.g., Machado et al, 2009) and the positivity effect does not necessitate full cognitive control (Isaacowitz et al, 2006b; Ebner and Johnson, 2010), then the distractors would impact performance, and positive distractors would disrupt older adults’ performance more than negative distractors on low-task difficulty trials (cf. Ebner and Johnson, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, there has been no previous investigation of the influence of task relevance on older adults’ processing of distracting emotional information presented outside the focus of attention. A number of studies suggest that there is a general deterioration in attentional control with age (e.g., Roux and Ceccaldi, 2001; Troyer et al, 2006; Anguera et al, 2013), particularly with respect to the active suppression of task-irrelevant information (Machado et al, 2009). This raises the possibility that older adults may be less able than young adults to ignore or disengage from to-be-ignored stimuli, even when task requirements and target characteristics render the distractors task irrelevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Distracting Non-face Emotional Images: No Evidence of an Age-Related Positivity Effect

Madill

Murray

2017

Front. Psychol.

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Cognitive aging may be accompanied by increased prioritization of social and emotional goals that enhance positive experiences and emotional states. The socioemotional selectivity theory suggests this may be achieved by giving preference to positive information and avoiding or suppressing negative information. Although there is some evidence of a positivity bias in controlled attention tasks, it remains unclear whether a positivity bias extends to the processing of affective stimuli presented outside focused attention. In two experiments, we investigated age-related differences in the effects of to-be-ignored non-face affective images on target processing. In Experiment 1, 27 older (64–90 years) and 25 young adults (19–29 years) made speeded valence judgments about centrally presented positive or negative target images taken from the International Affective Picture System. To-be-ignored distractor images were presented above and below the target image and were either positive, negative, or neutral in valence. The distractors were considered task relevant because they shared emotional characteristics with the target stimuli. Both older and young adults responded slower to targets when distractor valence was incongruent with target valence relative to when distractors were neutral. Older adults responded faster to positive than to negative targets but did not show increased interference effects from positive distractors. In Experiment 2, affective distractors were task irrelevant as the target was a three-digit array and did not share emotional characteristics with the distractors. Twenty-six older (63–84 years) and 30 young adults (18–30 years) gave speeded responses on a digit disparity task while ignoring the affective distractors positioned in the periphery. Task performance in either age group was not influenced by the task-irrelevant affective images. In keeping with the socioemotional selectivity theory, these findings suggest that older adults preferentially process task-relevant positive non-face images but only when presented within the main focus of attention.

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“…In PD, there are deficits of divided, selective, sustained and shifting attention, as well as distractibility (Stam et al, 1993;Machado et al, 2009). These relate to the central executive component of working memory (Baddeley, 1986).…”

Section: Cognitive Profile Of Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%