Distraction‐based relief of pain associated with peripheral intravenous catheterisation in adults: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Aims and objectives This study aimed to determine the effect of methods of distraction to relieve pain associated with the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC) insertion procedure, thus improving patient satisfaction. Specifically, we examined such effect by playing 3D videos with virtual reality goggles and showing pictures to the patient containing distractive optical illusions. Background In the literature, although the efficacy of various pharmacological methods for reducing pain associated with the insertion of PIC has been evaluated in adults, studies on nonpharmacological methods are limited. Methods The research was conducted with a randomised controlled single‐blind experimental study. The sample consisted of 120 patients. While nothing is applied to the control group, cards containing distractive optical illusion pictures and playing 3D videos with VR goggles during PIC insertion is applied for distraction groups. The data collection form consisted of items that measured the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and a visual analog scale. The CONSORT checklist was followed in reporting this study. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. No. NCT03945929. Results The mean pain level was 4.72 ± 3.15 in the control group and 3.41 ± 2.81 in the distraction groups and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p = .02). When the mean satisfaction level between the groups was compared, it was found to be 5.12 ± 3.41 in the control group and 8.07 ± 2.67 in the groups undergoing distraction methods. The difference between them was statistically significant (p = .01). Conclusions This study found that the use of cards containing distractive optical illusion pictures and playing 3D videos with VR goggles during PIC insertion in adult patients were both effective. Relevance to clinical practice These distraction methods may be used to reduce pain due to PIC insertion in nonurgent and less urgent adult patients in the emergency department.

Qualidade Dos Relatos De Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados Sobre Realidade Virtual Durante Punção/Cateterismo Intravenoso Periférico

“…Rev enferm UFPE on line. 2023;17:e254227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963.2023.254227 virtual na redução da dor e ansiedade frente a procedimentos de cateterismo intravenoso periférico, estudos clínicos vêm sendo realizados [1][2][4][5] .…”

“…Estes procedimentos são comuns na rotina da enfermagem, sendo utilizados para infusão de medicamentos e coleta de sangue para exames laboratoriais. Mesmo com pouco tempo de hospitalização ou em breve atendimento na emergência, os pacientes estão sujeitos a estes procedimentos [3][4] .…”

“…Porém, os procedimentos supracitados, por muitas vezes, proporcionam experiências negativas, visto que procedimentos que envolvem perfuração da pele são dolorosos [4][5] . Assim, coleta de sangue ou administração de medicação intravenosa pode tornar-se evento traumatizante, especialmente em crianças ou pessoas com fobia a agulhas 5 .…”

Virtual reality and distraction cards to reduce pain during intramuscular benzathine penicillin injection procedure in adults: A randomized controlled trial

“…In distraction, the basic theory has been stated as attention that focuses away from a harmful stimulus to a more pleasant stimulus, which causes a reduction in pain perception (Gold et al., 2005). The distraction method has been shown to be effective in reducing perceived pain in invasive procedures in adult patients (Basak et al., 2020). Speaking, deep breathing, listening to soothing music and watching television are among the simple distraction techniques (Malloy & Milling, 2010; Walker et al., 2014).…”

“…Virtual reality (VR) provides a much higher level of interactive distraction. In literature studies, the pain has been shown to decrease during medical procedures with VR (Basak et al., 2020; Paola et al., 2018; Walker et al., 2014; Wiederhold et al., 2014). However, in adult patients, there was no study investigating the effectiveness of VR and DC in reducing pain that was associated with IM benzathine penicillin.…”