Distraction by irrelevant sound during foreperiods selectively impairs temporal preparation

Steinborn, Michael B.; Langner, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.01.008

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Unexpectedly, this effect seemed strongest when high reward associated distractors appeared early (vs. late) in the math sequence. This finding could be explained by conditional probability monitoring [45][46][47]60,61]. Specifically, conditional probability monitoring is the phenomenon that people continuously monitor the flow of events, and update their expectancy about upcoming events; this expectancy, in turn, affects how they deal with future, unexpected events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, we explored whether disruptions in performance were stronger when the previously reward-associated distractors appeared early (i.e., during the second stimulus pair) vs. late (during the third stimulus pair). Because people actively monitor the time flow of events and update their expectancy about future events [45][46][47], the timing of distractors may well affect rewarddriven distractions.…”

Section: Exploring Reward-driven Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reward-associated distractors can harm cognitive performance

Rusz¹,

Bijleveld²

2018

Preprint

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When people carry out cognitive tasks, they sometimes suffer from distractions, that is, drops in performance that occur close in time to task-irrelevant stimuli. In this research, we examine how the pursuit of rewards contributes to distractions. In two experiments, participants performed a math task (in which they could earn monetary rewards vs. not) while they were exposed to task-irrelevant stimuli (that were previously associated with monetary rewards vs. not). In Experiment 1, irrelevant cues that were previously associated with rewards (vs. not) impaired performance. In Experiment 2, this effect was only replicated when these reward-associated distractors appeared relatively early during task performance. While the results were thus somewhat mixed, they generally support the idea that reward associations can augment the negative effect of distractors on performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exploring Reward-driven Distractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward-associated distractors can harm cognitive performance

Rusz¹,

Bijleveld²

2018

Preprint

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“…The present study was also specifically designed to test how ADHD children implement temporal preparation by using a variable FP paradigm and how their performance on this task may change as a function of MPH-MR pharmacological treatment. This paradigm allows the dissociation of the automatic and controlled processes involved in temporal preparation (e.g., Steinborn & Langner, 2011;Vallesi & Shallice, 2007;Vallesi et al, 2014). Specific ADHD-related time preparation deficits included pronounced sequential FP effects at current short FPs, which suggests a higher susceptibility to automatic time-preparation processes (e.g., Los et al, 2014;Vallesi & Shallice, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Modified-Release Methylphenidate on Cognition in Children with ADHD: Evidence from a Temporal Preparation Task

Vallesi

D’Agati

Grelloni

et al. 2016

Timing Time Percept

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ADHD is associated with various cognitive deficits, including general performance decrements and specific impairments, for instance in temporal processing. However, time preparation under uncertain conditions has been under-investigated in this population. We aimed at filling this gap. We administered a variable foreperiod paradigm to children with ADHD before and after a one-month treatment with modified-release methylphenidate. Age-matched ADHD children with no treatment and healthy children were also tested as control groups with the same time-schedule. Children with ADHD had general performance deficits (longer and more variable response times), which disappeared in the experimental group after pharmacological intervention. Moreover, ADHD children showed a marked dependency on sequential foreperiod effects (i.e., slower responses for longer preceding foreperiods), especially at short current foreperiods, which were not modulated by the pharmacological treatment. In conclusion, the present findings show that methylphenidate enhances general motor processes rather than more specific time preparation processes, some of which appear deviant in ADHD.

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“…Already Gehring et al (1993) suggested that impulsive errors induce post-error slowing which is completely different in errors due to cognitive overload: here, there is no post-error slowing observable (Hochman and Meiran, 2005). Going more into detail with respect to the causes of errors, it was found that obviously distracting or even aversive information might play a crucial role: e.g., auditory noise affects errors rate considerably (Steinborn and Langner, 2011). Another point is, that the number of alternative responses is closely related to error probability (Hick, 1952).…”

Section: A Cognitive View On Error Commissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on neural and cognitive mechanisms of error commission

Hoffmann

Beste

2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Behavioral adaptation and cognitive control are crucial for goal-reaching behaviors. Every creature is ubiquitously faced with choices between behavioral alternatives. Common sense suggests that errors are an important source of information in the regulation of such processes. Several theories exist regarding cognitive control and the processing of undesired outcomes. However, most of these models focus on the consequences of an error, and less attention has been paid to the mechanisms that underlie the commissioning of an error. In this article, we present an integrative review of neuro-cognitive models that detail the determinants of the occurrence of response errors. The factors that may determine the likelihood of committing errors are likely related to the stability of task-representations in prefrontal networks, attentional selection mechanisms and mechanisms of action selection in basal ganglia circuits. An important conclusion is that the likelihood of committing an error is not stable over time but rather changes depending on the interplay of different functional neuro-anatomical and neuro-biological systems. We describe factors that might determine the time-course of cognitive control and the need to adapt behavior following response errors. Finally, we outline the mechanisms that may proof useful for predicting the outcomes of cognitive control and the emergence of response errors in future research.

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Distraction by irrelevant sound during foreperiods selectively impairs temporal preparation

Cited by 44 publications

References 76 publications

Reward-associated distractors can harm cognitive performance

Reward-associated distractors can harm cognitive performance

Effect of Modified-Release Methylphenidate on Cognition in Children with ADHD: Evidence from a Temporal Preparation Task

A perspective on neural and cognitive mechanisms of error commission

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