Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are one of the leading causes of death, posing a major threat to safety and well-being globally by exacting tremendous clinical, economic, and humanistic burden. This chapter aims to provide detailed insights into the existing issues of road traffic safety. The chapter begins by explaining the impact of RTCs on mortality and road safety emphasizing that RTCs are public health crises that need immediate attention. This is followed by a discussion of the policy frameworks designed by major organizations such as the World Health Organization, World Bank, and the United Nations to improve road traffic safety around the world. The chapter then delves into a discussion of RTC risk behavior and legislation, economic impact of RTCs, strategies for enhancing traffic safety, legislation and enforcement, and advocacy efforts for safety education. Special attention is given to seat belts and child restraint use, impaired driving due to drug use, distracted driving, and highway engineering and safety management. The chapter provides a special focus on RTC prevention efforts and policies in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council-Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The chapter concludes by discussing some of the major policy targets (e.g., public safety awareness, driver education) which have been supported by existing research.