Distractor Repetitions Retrieve Previous Responses to Targets

Frings, Christian; Rothermund, Klaus; Wentura, Dirk

doi:10.1080/17470210600955645

Cited by 201 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Yet, more research is necessary to define further modulating factors of the effect. In addition it should be mentioned that the same pattern of distractor-response binding has been found with one-to-one stimulus-response mappings 9 . However, to exclude an influence of bindings between target and distractor stimuli, it is important to analyze response repetition trials that do not include target repetitions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Figure 3 is an example for data collected by Frings, Rothermund and Wentura (2007). Figure 4 summarizes the distractor-response binding effects of 33 experiments in different modalities 9,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][27][28][29][30] . The effects become larger with more difficult tasks and thus with longer response times.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This retrieval of previous actions operates fast and automatically, exerting efficient bottom up control of behavior by establishing stimulus driven behavioral routines. Recent evidence suggests that this mechanism can also be triggered by distractors, that is, distractor-based retrieval of previous episodes and responses has an impact on human action control as well 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Moeller

Schächinger

Frings

2014

JoVE

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Selection tasks in which simple stimuli (e.g. letters) are presented and a target stimulus has to be selected against one or more distractor stimuli are frequently used in the research on human action control. One important question in these settings is how distractor stimuli, competing with the target stimulus for a response, influence actions. The distractor-response binding paradigm can be used to investigate this influence. It is particular useful to separately analyze response retrieval and distractor inhibition effects. Computer-based experiments are used to collect the data (reaction times and error rates). In a number of sequentially presented pairs of stimulus arrays (prime-probe design), participants respond to targets while ignoring distractor stimuli. Importantly, the factors response relation in the arrays of each pair (repetition vs. change) and distractor relation (repetition vs. change) are varied orthogonally. The repetition of the same distractor then has a different effect depending on response relation (repetition vs. change) between arrays. This result pattern can be explained by response retrieval due to distractor repetition. In addition, distractor inhibition effects are indicated by a general advantage due to distractor repetition. The described paradigm has proven useful to determine relevant parameters for response retrieval effects on human action. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Moeller

Schächinger

Frings

2014

JoVE

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“…Attention and task relevance have also been manipulated at retrieval. Following the findings of Rothermund et al, it has been shown that distractor stimuli at encoding can modulate repetition priming at retrieval even when the stimulus remains a distractor (Frings, Moeller, & Rothermund, 2013;Frings, Rothermund, & Wentura, 2007). Such distractor-to-distractor effects suggest that, under certain experimental conditions, attention and task relevance are not necessary for both the encoding and the retrieval of S-R bindings (though see Moeller & Frings, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such distractor-to-distractor effects suggest that, under certain experimental conditions, attention and task relevance are not necessary for both the encoding and the retrieval of S-R bindings (though see Moeller & Frings, 2014). As in the literature for attended stimuli, these studies typically utilize a classification task at retrieval (e.g., the colour of a word), typically binary (e.g., Rothermund et al, 2005), though also four distinct response options have been used (e.g., Frings et al, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Retrieval of bindings between task-irrelevant stimuli and responses can facilitate behaviour under conditions of high response certainty

Horner

2016

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Repetition priming can be driven by the encoding and retrieval of stimulus–response (S–R) bindings. When a previously encoded S–R binding is retrieved, and is congruent with the response currently required, it can bias response-selection processes towards selecting the retrieved response, resulting in facilitation. Previous studies have used classification tasks at retrieval. Here, two (or more) response options are competing, and it is likely that any evidence (e.g., an S–R binding) in favour of one option will be utilized to effect a decision. Thus, S–R effects are likely to be seen when using such a task. It is unclear whether such effects can be seen under conditions of higher response certainty, when participants are explicitly cued to make a response. Across two experiments, evidence for a modulating influence of S–R bindings is seen despite using a response cueing method at retrieval to minimize response uncertainty and despite stimuli being task irrelevant. Finally, the results suggest that responses within these S–R bindings are coded at the level of left versus right hand, and not a more fine-grained within-hand thumb versus index finger. The results underline the resilience of S–R effects, suggesting that they are present even under conditions where no explicit object-oriented decision is required.

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Remember the touch: tactile distractors retrieve previous responses to targets

Moeller¹,

Frings²

2011

Exp Brain Res

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In selection tasks where target stimuli are accompanied by distractors, responses to target stimuli, target stimuli and the distractor stimuli can be encoded together as one episode in memory. Subsequent repetition of any aspect of such an episode can lead to the retrieval of the whole episode including the response. Thus, repeating a distractor can retrieve responses given to previous targets; this mechanism was labeled distractor-response binding and has been evidenced in vision and audition. Yet, previous research suggests possibly different distractor processing in the tactile as compared to the visual modality. In the present study, we therefore used a selection task in which participants always responded to one tactile stimulus while ignoring another. Evidence for the integration of tactile distractors with target responses was found in response times and errors. Our results indicate that binding of responses to distractors is a cognitive process that is independent of the stimulus' modality.

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Distractor Repetitions Retrieve Previous Responses to Targets

Cited by 201 publications

References 23 publications

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Retrieval of bindings between task-irrelevant stimuli and responses can facilitate behaviour under conditions of high response certainty

Remember the touch: tactile distractors retrieve previous responses to targets

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