“…Current SNUD instruments were validated in a range of countries, namely Asia (n = 14 studies: Turkey, 1,42,46-48 China, 36,38,49,50 Iran, 37,51 Morocco, 32 Thailand, 52 and Tunisia 31 ) followed by Europe (n = 10 studies: Italy, 39,53 Portugal, 33,54 Germany, 45,55 Hungary, 35 Netherlands, 6,41 and Poland 56 ) and North and South America (n = 3 studies: Mexico, 44 Peru, 57 and the US 40 ). Of the scales being adapted to other languages, a total of 10 studies used appropriate procedures, ie, translation-back-translation (BFAS, 51 BFAS-SF, 33 BFAS-Thailand version [BFAS-Thai], 52 BSMAS-SF, [35][36][37] Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2, 54 and SMDS-SF 1, 42,43 ).…”