Distributed amplification: how Raman gain impacts other fiber nonlinearities

Evans, A.F.; Grochocinski, J.M.; Rahman, Ashiqur; Reynolds, C.; Vasilyev, Michael

doi:10.1109/ofc.2001.927822

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The non-linear impairments [64,55,65,39,66] in Raman amplification will impose limitations for its application in real systems. These impairments include SBS, intra channel-SRS, self phase modulation (SPM), cross phase modulation (XPM), and four wave mixing (FWM).…”

Section: Non-linear Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation in optical communication systems

2006

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Dispersion compensating fibers (DCF) are the most widely used technology for dispersion compensation. A DCF without Raman amplification introduces extra loss in the system, thus increasing the need for gain in the discrete amplifiers and degrading the noise performance. The idea to additionally use the DCF as a Raman gain medium was originally proposed by Hansen et al. in 1998. [1] This was quickly followed by Emori et al., who demonstrated a broadband, loss less DCF using multiplewavelength Raman pumping.[2] DCF is a good Raman gain medium, due to a relatively high germanium doping level and a small effective area. To get sufficient gain with a reasonable pump power, a discrete Raman amplifier has to contain several kilometers of fiber, adding extra dispersion to the system that must be handled in the overall dispersion management. Dispersion compensating Raman amplifiers integrates two key functions: dispersion compensation and discrete Raman amplification into a single component.

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Section: Non-linear Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nonlinear enhancement ratio R NL is defined as the ratio of the effective length with Raman amplification to the effective length of the unpumped fiber. [64,55,66] It has the form of…”

Section: Non-linear Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%