Distributed Channel Allocation and Time Slot Optimization for Green Internet of Things

Abstract

In sustainable smart cities, power saving is a severe challenge in the energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT). Efficient utilization of limited multiple non-overlap channels and time resources is a promising solution to reduce the network interference and save energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a joint channel allocation and time slot optimization solution for IoT. First, we propose a channel ranking algorithm which enables each node to rank its available channels based on the channel properties. Then, we propose a distributed channel allocation algorithm so that each node can choose a proper channel based on the channel ranking and its own residual energy. Finally, the sleeping duration and spectrum sensing duration are jointly optimized to maximize the normalized throughput and satisfy energy consumption constraints simultaneously. Different from the former approaches, our proposed solution requires no central coordination or any global information that each node can operate based on its own local information in a total distributed manner. Also, theoretical analysis and extensive simulations have validated that when applying our solution in the network of IoT: (i) each node can be allocated to a proper channel based on the residual energy to balance the lifetime; (ii) the network can rapidly converge to a collision-free transmission through each node’s learning ability in the process of the distributed channel allocation; and (iii) the network throughput is further improved via the dynamic time slot optimization.

Extending the Battery Life of the ZigBee Routers and Coordinator by Modifying Their Mode of Operation

“…An interesting survey of different strategies for energy-saving in ZigBee WSNs in the context of IoT is shown in [14]. In general, the analyzed proposals are in three main lines: (a) management of channel and timing (physical level) [15][16][17]; (b) modification of the Medium Access Control (MAC) standard (MAC level) [18,19]; and (c) control of different parameters to reduce consumption [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…In [15] is presented a combined mechanism for selecting different slots of time and channel/frequency to distribute the communications between each peer node. In [16] is proposed a method for energy-efficient periodic communication of devices (powered by batteries) over the ZigBee.…”

“…IEEE 802. 15.4e represents an amendment to the standard IEEE 802.15.4 to enhance and add functionalities. Unlike our proposal, we have not considered the use of the super-frame IEEE 802.…”

“…Unlike our proposal, we have not considered the use of the super-frame IEEE 802. 15.4e and beacon mode to synchronize communication. On the other hand, our proposal is agnostic to the type of WSN topology and wireless technology (which include devices that cannot be in sleep mode).…”

NovaGenesis Applied to Information-Centric, Service-Defined, Trustable IoT/WSAN Control Plane and Spectrum Management

“…A framework for wireless devices coexistence testing based on energy detection was proposed. Ding et al [ 52 ] evaluated a distributed joint channel allocation and time slot access control solution for IoT devices, concerned to optimizing residual nodes energy. In [ 46 ], the coexistence of Wi-Fi and 4G in unlicensed spectrum was studied.…”