Distributed consensus-based control of multiple DC-microgrids clusters

Abstract

This paper presents consensus-based distributed control strategies for voltage regulation and power flow control of dc microgrid (MG) clusters. In the proposed strategy, primary level of control is used to regulate the common bus voltage inside each MG locally. An SOC-based adaptive droop method is introduced for this level which determines droop coefficient automatically, thus equalizing SOC of batteries inside each MG. In the secondary level, a distributed consensus based voltage control strategy is proposed to eliminate the average voltage deviation while guaranteeing proper regulation of power flow among the MGs. Using the consensus protocol, the global information can be accurately shared in a distributed way. This allows the power flow control to be achieved at the same time as it can be accomplished only at the cost of having the voltage differences inside the system. Similarly, a consensus-based cooperative algorithm is employed at this stage to define appropriate reference for power flow between MGs according to their local SOCs. The effectiveness of proposed control scheme is verified through detailed hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations.

Adaptive Marginal Costs-Based Distributed Economic Control of Microgrid Clusters Considering Line Loss

“…At present, the research on MGC is still at the initial stage-in [5], a hierarchical control structure including primary, secondary, and tertiary levels was proposed, to handle power sharing among a cluster of DC microgrids. A consensus-based, distributed control strategies for voltage regulation and power flow control of DC microgrid clusters was presented in [6] and an SOC-based adaptive droop method was introduced at the primary level to equalize SOC of batteries inside each microgrid (MG). Decentralized control of two DC microgrids interconnected with a tie-line was examined in [7], and a decentralized control approach was proposed to control each MG and bus voltage fluctuation in an allowable range.…”

“…Aimed at microgrid clusters, including AC and DC sub-microgrids, an autonomous coordination control strategy was applied in [9]. However, the above references [5][6][7][8][9] put an emphasis on DC microgrids, and did not take operating costs into consideration, so these methods lack economy. Aimed at AC microgrid clusters, traditional droop control is often applied in autonomous microgrids; however, this control distributes power by the capacity ratio [10], so it is easy to make the total operational costs higher as the generation costs and operating characteristics of different types of DERs are varied.…”

MAS-Based Distributed Coordinated Control and Optimization in Microgrid and Microgrid Clusters: A Comprehensive Overview

“…In [71][72][73][74], a model predictive control is presented to accelerate the convergence speed to realize dynamic consensus of the MAS. In [75], a distributed secondary voltage control strategy based on the dynamic consensus protocol is established. In this method, the distributed protocol at each agent is expressed as:…”

“…The realization of consensus in MAS is one of the most important direction to achieve the coordinated control. In this paper, the MAS-based consensus control schemes are systematically reviewed [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77].…”

Review on Control of DC Microgrids

“…Secondary controllers allowing for PnP operations have been analyzed in [88]- [90], [132], [143], [144]. As reviewed in Section IV, one goal of secondary control is to compensate for deviations of voltages from reference values, which might be caused by primary controllers, and to achieve advanced behaviors such as current sharing and voltage balancing.…”