Distributed cooperative routing algorithms for maximizing network lifetime

Abstract

In this paper, we study the impact of cooperative routing for maximizing the network lifetime in sensor network applications. We assume nodes in the network are equipped with a single omnidirectional antenna and they perform cooperative transmission to achieve transmit diversity. We propose a joint cooperative transmission and energy aware routing algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. In contrast to the previous works, our approach uses the maximum lifetime power allocation, instead of minimum power allocation. Using the maximum lifetime power allocation, the cooperative nodes allocate their transmit power according to the channel condition and the residual energy in the nodes. Our proposed scheme combines the maximum lifetime power allocation and the energy aware routing to maximize the network lifetime. We study the performance of the cooperative routing in terms of network lifetime (defined as the time until the first node dies) and the total delivered packets before the first node dies. We demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves 1 ∼ 3.5 and 1 ∼ 2 times longer network lifetime and more total delivered packets compared to noncooperative routing, when it is used with MTE and FA algorithms, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum lifetime power allocation achieves 1 ∼ 2 times longer lifetime, compared to minimum power allocation in MTE and FA routing schemes. We also provide distributed implementation of the proposed algorithm. I. INTRODUCTIONAdvances in low power integrated circuit devices and communications technologies have enabled the deployment of lowcost, low power sensors that can be integrated to form sensor networks. This sensor network has vast important applications and has been identified as one of the most important technologies nowadays. The deployment of the low cost and energy limited sensors implies that the energy efficient communication protocol is imperative to extend the lifetime of the network. The problem of energy efficient protocol can be approached from different communication layers; from physical layer, data-link layer, MAC layer, network layer to the application layer. Moreover, the cross layer approach has been shown to be an effective energy saving method in the energy constrained communication [1], [2]. In ad hoc networking environment, most of the energy consumption is due to the packet transmission [3]. Motivated by this fact, we focus on the cross layer approach by jointly design the energy efficient routing algorithm in network layer and the energy efficient signal combining in physical layer.The energy efficient routing and transmit diversity have been studied separately in the literatures. The transmit diversity, pioneered by Alamouti's paper [4] shows the significant performance gain can be achieved in the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, multiple antennas in a sensor node may be impractical due to the cost. To overcome this problem, the cooperative communication concept has been recently proposed [5]. This cooperative communication explore...

Joint routing, scheduling, and power control for multichannel wireless sensor networks with physical interference

“…Advances in low-power integrated circuit devices and communication technologies have enabled the deployment of low-cost low-power sensors that can be integrated to form wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [1]. The WSNs have vast important applications and have been identified as one of the most important technologies nowadays.…”

Efficient cooperative protocols for general outage-limited multihop wireless networks

“…However, the knowledge of the instantaneous channels at the transmitting nodes is difficult to realize. The cooperative routing problem has been further considered in the literature [4], [5]. In [4], a cooperative-based routing algorithm, namely, the Minimum Power Cooperative Routing (MPCR) algorithm is proposed, which makes use of the incremental relaying while constructing the minimumpower route.…”

“…In [7], Maham et al proposed a cooperative multihop routing for the purpose of power savings, constrained on a required bit error rate (BER) at the destination. In [5], Pandana et al studied the impact of cooperative communication on maximizing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Further, the work in [8] studies the tradeoff between delay and bit error rate in cooperative multihop routing using game theory.…”

Algorithms and system - level support for agent placement and migration in wireless sensor networks

“…However, there are a lot o f papers, in the context o f power-aware routing, aiming at maximizing the network lifespan [1], [69], [88], [22], [116] to name a few. In [1] the problem o f maximizing system's lifespan (measured as the time when the first node dies) was formulated as a linear…”

“…In [88] the authors study the impact o f cooperative routing for maximizing the network lifetime in sensor networks. Chang and Tassiulas proposed a shortest cost path routing algorithm which uses link costs that reflect both the communication energy consumption rates and the residual energy levels at the two end nodes.…”