“…Active rules currently exist in commercial database systems in the form of triggers [16]. More recently, active rules have proven useful for controlling activities in centralized and distributed workflow systems [17,18,19,20,21] and for supporting event-based, application integration in distributed environments [22,23,24,25,26]. Our own research has investigated the use of active rules, known as Integration Rules (IRules), for developing a declarative event-based approach to component integration [27,28,29,30].…”