Distributed Generation and Optimization of smart Grid Systems: Case Study of Kumba in Cameroon

Abstract

The traditional electric grid of the City of Kumba has been experiencing a constant failure which leads inhabitant to experience constant blackout. This constant blackout persists and stays for a long time due to the lack of communication between equipment, consumer and supplier. Whenever there is a fault, the repairing agents walk along the feeder to find the fault. This manual fault finding increases the restauration time which leads to the augmentation of the blackout period. Factors responsible for the failure of the line are complex to be controlled. It is necessary to reduce restauration time by introducing Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and sensing system in the grid and making it to be smart. ICT in this smart grid, sensors and smart meters are meant to assure two-way communication between the supplier and the consumer. They send real time information which is computed at the control center to optimize the entire grid. Distributed generation is also introduced in the system for two purposes. To complete the lag in power demand of the grid and to take over the supply when the main feeder is faulty. Various distributed generation sources studied led to the choice of solar power plants thanks to their low production of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and availability of their resources in the city. A model has been proposed for the distributed generation and optimization of the smart grid. The system indexes obtained without distributed generation in the grid are different from that with. The difference in these indexes proved that the grid has been optimized. However, the reliability of the grid is enhanced after the introduction of distributed generation into the system. This enhancement in reliability declares that with distributed generation into the grid, the population of Kumba has a reliable power supply, which makes them to have energy throughout.

Reliability Optimization of Smart Grid Based on Optimal Failure Rate Using Distributed Generation

“…More reliable and inexhaustible power can be provided to consumers by integrating distributed energy resources and storage devices into the power grid, resulting in reducing GHG emissions and energy wastage [6]. Incorporation of DG in a SGS enhances reliability indexes which as a consequence ameliorate the reliability of the system [7]. Nevertheless, the performance of DG integrated in SG depends on the location where these DG have been installed.…”