Distributed Matrix Structures—novel technology for high performance in short contact time FCC

Stockwell, David; Liu, X.; Nagel, Pablo A.; Nelson, Patricia J.; Gegan, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/s0167-2991(04)80768-7

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…During calibration sequences, however, small aliquots of steamer contents were removed for analysis by dipping into the fluidized bed with a stainless steel ladle. These physical property measurement methods have already been described. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome this, a few percent of the circulating catalyst inventory is replaced daily, leading to a continuous distribution of catalyst ages in the equilibrated working catalyst (E-cat). − The variation in physical and chemical properties within equilibrium catalysts has been revealed by density separation, ,− showing that zeolite Y tetrahedral aluminum loss (Al T , dealumination) is much faster than tetrahedral zeolite framework Si (Si T ) collapse under regenerator conditions. Since many commercial catalysts also contain hydrothermally stable transition alumina matrix, − it is readily apparent that both the framework Si/Al ratio, as measured by unit cell size (UCS), and the ratio of cracking activity of zeolite to alumina matrix will vary with the age of a given microsphere. Both of these have a strong influence on cracking selectivity, , so it is reasonable to assume that the selectivity of the working refinery catalyst may not be accurately portrayed by laboratory deactivation methods unless those methods correctly reproduce the properties within the age distribution. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous Age Distribution Method for Catalytic Cracking. 1. Proof of Principle

Stockwell

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A novel steam-deactivation method is described and demonstrated that is able to produce in the laboratory a mixture of cracking catalyst having the same distribution of zeolite surface area as found in the refinery catalytic cracking unit. Both physical and catalytic properties can be closely matched to the refinery catalyst. Based on fundamental kinetic and reactor models, the method has the potential to be quantitatively predictive of refinery results. Deviations from ideal first order tetrahedral Si decay however prevent a priori prediction of refinery performance at this time. We observed slight deviations within the age distribution, but more significant deviations in overall zeolite crystallinity retention were found as a function of refinery fresh catalyst makeup rate, rendering the method semiquantitative at present. The results constitute proof of principle, however, for the method, and further progress on the found nonidealities is anticipated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Age Distribution Method for Catalytic Cracking. 1. Proof of Principle

Stockwell

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Each of these classes of pores has a defined role in the entire catalytic process. According to this scheme, the transformation of heavy molecules to valuable products (gas-oil and gasoline) occurs in the meso-and micropores [10,56,59,62,63,66,73,78,79,87,88,90,97].…”

Section: Catalyst Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Maximizing propylene production via FCC technology

2015

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This review looks at the main processes available for the production of light olefins with a focus on maximizing the production of propylene. Maximization of propylene production has become the focus of most refineries because it is in high demand and there is a supply shortage from modern steam crackers, which now produce relatively less propylene. The flexibility of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) to various reaction conditions makes it possible as one of the means to close the gap between supply and demand. The appropriate modification of the FCC process is accomplished by the synergistic integration of the catalyst, temperature, reaction-residence time, coke make, and hydrocarbon partial pressure. The main constraints for maximum propylene yield are based on having a suitable catalyst, suitable reactor configuration and reaction conditions.

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“…It has been shown that matrix application may significantly improve catalytic performance in short contact time FCC when attention is paid to the porosity characteristics of catalyst materials 40 with ultrafine precursor platelets being beneficial. This led to enhanced formation of the primary products of cracking and reduced coking which was proposed to result from the sequence of acid site contacting i.e.…”

Section: (V) Modification Of the Porosity Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%