Distributed Patterns of Event-Related Potentials Predict Subsequent Ratings of Abstract Stimulus Attributes

Bode, Stefan; Bennett, Daniel; Stähl, Jutta; Murawski, Carsten

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109070

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Priming has been shown to be effective in a number of circumstances, including inter-temporal choice (Van den Bergh et al, 2008 ; Zauberman et al, 2009 ; Murawski et al, 2012 ; Luo et al, 2014 ). It is based on the assumption that the presentation with an environmental cue biases the response to a subsequent cue, which can be entirely unrelated, due to an implicit memory effect activating association networks (Bargh, 1990 ; Tulving and Schacter, 1990 ; Chartrand and Bargh, 1996 ) or to the fast and automatic extraction of decision-relevant aspects of the stimuli during exposure (Bode et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental rewarding cues influence economic decisions in people with obesity

Simmank

Murawski

Bode

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Recent research suggests that obesity is linked to prominent alterations in learning and decision-making. This general difference may also underlie the preference for immediately consumable, highly palatable but unhealthy and high-calorie foods. Such poor food-related inter-temporal decision-making can explain weight gain; however, it is not yet clear whether this deficit can be generalized to other domains of inter-temporal decision-making, for example financial decisions. Further, little is known about the stability of decision-making behavior in obesity, especially in the presence of rewarding cues. To answer these questions, obese and lean participants (n = 52) completed two sessions of a novel priming paradigm including a computerized monetary delay discounting task. In the first session, general differences between groups in financial delay discounting were measured. In the second session, we tested the general stability of discount rates. Additionally, participants were primed by affective visual cues of different contextual categories before making financial decisions. We found that the obese group showed stronger discounting of future monetary rewards than the lean group, but groups did not differ in their general stability between sessions nor in their sensitivity toward changes in reward magnitude. In the obese group, a fast decrease of subjective value over time was directly related to a higher tendency for opportunistic eating. Obese in contrast to lean people were primed by the affective cues, showing a sex-specific pattern of priming direction. Our findings demonstrate that environments rich of cues, aiming at inducing unhealthy consumer decisions, can be highly detrimental for obese people. It also underscores that obesity is not merely a medical condition but has a strong cognitive component, meaning that current dietary and medical treatment strategies may fall too short.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental rewarding cues influence economic decisions in people with obesity

Simmank

Murawski

Bode

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Preprocessing of data was performed using a semiautomated preprocessing pipeline (cf. Bode, Bennett, Stahl, & Murawski, 2014;Brydevall, Bennett, Murawski, & Bode, 2018). Data were first manually screened to exclude epochs contaminated by skin potential or muscle artifacts.…”

Section: Eeg Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monetary feedback modulates performance and electrophysiological indices of belief updating in reward learning

et al. 2019

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Belief updating entails the incorporation of new information about the environment into internal models of the world. Bayesian inference is the statistically optimal strategy for performing belief updating in the presence of uncertainty. An important open question is whether the use of cognitive strategies that implement Bayesian inference is dependent upon motivational state and, if so, how this is reflected in electrophysiological signatures of belief updating in the brain. Here, we recorded the EEG of participants performing a simple reward learning task with both monetary and nonmonetary instructive feedback conditions. Our aim was to distinguish the influence of the rewarding properties of feedback on belief updating from the information content of the feedback itself. A Bayesian updating model allowed us to quantify different aspects of belief updating across trials, including the size of belief updates and the uncertainty of beliefs. Faster learning rates were observed in the monetary feedback condition compared to the instructive feedback condition, while belief updates were generally larger, and belief uncertainty smaller, with monetary compared to instructive feedback. Larger amplitudes in the monetary feedback condition were found for three ERP components: the P3a, the feedback‐related negativity, and the late positive potential. These findings suggest that motivational state influences inference strategies in reward learning, and this is reflected in the electrophysiological correlates of belief updating.

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“…EEG data were preprocessed using EEGLAB 33 , according to a semi-automated preprocessing pipeline 34,35 . Data were high-and low-pass filtered at 0.1 Hz and 70 Hz respectively, and notch filtered from 45-55 Hz to remove background electrical noise.…”

Section: Eeg Data Acquisition and Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural encoding of information prediction errors during non-instrumental information seeking

Brydevall

Bennett

Murawski

et al. 2017

Preprint

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In a dynamic world, accurate beliefs about the environment are vital for survival, and individuals should therefore regularly seek out new information with which to update their beliefs. This aspect of behaviour is not well captured by standard theories of decision making, and the neural mechanisms of information seeking remain unclear. One recent theory posits that valuation of information results from representation of informative stimuli within canonical neural reward-processing circuits, even if that information lacks instrumental use. We investigated this question by recording EEG from twenty-three human participants performing a non-instrumental information-seeking task. In this task, participants could pay a monetary cost to receive advance information about the likelihood of receiving reward in a lottery at the end of each trial. Behavioural results showed that participants were willing to incur considerable monetary costs to acquire early but non-instrumental information. Analysis of the event-related potential elicited by informative cues revealed that the feedback-related negativity independently encoded both an information prediction error and a reward prediction error. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that information seeking results from processing of information within neural reward circuits, and suggests that information may represent a distinct dimension of valuation in decision making under uncertainty.

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Distributed Patterns of Event-Related Potentials Predict Subsequent Ratings of Abstract Stimulus Attributes

Cited by 24 publications

References 64 publications

Incidental rewarding cues influence economic decisions in people with obesity

Incidental rewarding cues influence economic decisions in people with obesity

Monetary feedback modulates performance and electrophysiological indices of belief updating in reward learning

The neural encoding of information prediction errors during non-instrumental information seeking

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