Distributed Spatial Modulation Aided NOMA

Abstract

In this paper, a novel cooperative diversity protocol based on the association of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and distributed spatial modulation (DSM) is introduced. In the proposed protocol, two source symbols are multiplexed in the power domain, while one source symbol obtains a diversity gain due to its being relayed according to the DSM principle; this doubles the data rate for the source-to-destination link as compared with conventional DSM. We propose two demodulators for use at the destination: an error-aware demodulator which is robust to demodulation errors at the relays, and a suboptimal demodulator which assumes error-free demodulation at the relays. Simulation results demonstrate that while the proposed protocol achieves a source data throughput equal to that of a full-duplex system, its BER performance also significantly outperforms the full-duplex relaying benchmarks of successive relaying and virtual full-duplex DSM.

Error Rate Analysis of NOMA: Principles, Survey and Future Directions

“…In [161], a distributed SM aided cooperative NOMA is proposed, in which the transmitter communicates with a single destination through a relay, selected among R relays. The transmitter broadcasts an SC signal using a strong and weak signal.…”

Distributed space‐time block coding based cooperative generalized spatial modulation

“…Combining the advantages of MIMO transmission techniques, especially (G)SM and its special cases, with the cooperative communication has been studied in the literature 21–38 . An exact error rate expression, closed form symbol error rate, outage probability and normalized capacity expressions are derived for classical AF networks using orthogonal STBC (OSTBC) 21 .…”

“…The full‐duplex SM system is extended to a dual‐hop two‐way cooperative network with energy harvesting relays in Koc et al 35 In a recent study, Li et al 36 propose a novel QSM scheme called generalized QSM (GQSM) in order to boost the spectral efficiency and expand their study to cooperative vehicular networks using non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) method. The idea of the GSM technique is applied to a multi‐relay system activating more than one relay is studied in Elganimi et al 37 Shehni and Flanagan 38 introduce half‐duplex relay network using distributed SM technique and NOMA.…”