“…A vast literature is already available based on geometrically linear (small deflection) theories for structures with piezoelectric layers or patches and associated numerical methods, see, for example, the pioneering works by Robbins and Reddy [1], see also Krommer [2], Maurini et al [3,4], dell'Isola and Rosa [5], for beams, by Mindlin [6], Lee [7], Yang et al [8], Ghosh and Batra [9], Carrera [10], Carrera and Boscolo [11], Maurini et al [12], Alessandroni et al [13], Rosi et al [14] for plates, by Rogacheva [15,16], Lammering [20], Tzou and Tseng [21], Tzou [22], Tzou and Ye [23], Le [17], Vetyukov et al [18], Kulikov and Plotnikova [19] for shells, among others. Nevertheless, one can observe still a lot of ongoing research activity to derive refined linear theories of adaptive beams, plates, and shells by using advanced kinematical hypotheses, for example, higherorder shear deformation or zigzag models with piecewise linear or cubic through-the-thickness distribution of the in-plane displacements, see, for example, Carrera [24], Carrera et al [25,26], Naumenko and Eremeyev [27,28], and the reference therein.…”