Distribution and Abundance of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) and Panax quinquefolius L. (Araliaceae) in the Central Appalachian Region

McGraw, James B.; Sanders, Suzanne; Voort, Martha Van der

doi:10.2307/3557530

Cited by 44 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Wild American ginseng is widespread but scarce everywhere it is found (McGraw et al, 2003) and the maximum sustainable harvest has been estimated at 5% based on a viability analysis of wild populations in Canada (Nantel et al, 1996). Total estimated population size for the populations surveyed in this study rarely exceeded 50 plants, thus the minimum of n = 10 plants per population typically suggested for statistical analyses would greatly exceed the sustainable harvest limit.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although ecological and biological assessments of American ginseng populations are needed to effectively develop policies for the long term sustainability of native American ginseng, there is an information gap attributed to inadequate funding (Robbins, 2000). In addition, studies of wild ginseng populations, especially those involving roots, are limited because population sizes are typically small (McGraw et al, 2003), ginseng collectors tend not to reveal collection sites, and root sampling is destructive and poses a threat to protected native populations. Assinewe et al (2003) provided the first comprehensive report of ginsenoside contents of roots collected from wild populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Ginsenoside content and variation among and within American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) populations

2006

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Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ginsenoside content and variation among and within American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) populations

2006

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“…Non-reproductive ramets are comprised of a single leaf while reproductive ramets have a second (rarely third) leaf, with a single flower on a pedicel arising from the base of the second leaf. Although this species is harvested from natural patches due to herbal market demand for the rhizome, it is not clear that this is contributing to population decline ( Van der Voort et al 2003;McGraw et al 2003;Sanders and McGraw 2005); as the dense storage rhizome at the base of each aerial stem is removed, lateral roots are broken off of the rhizome and remain in the soil. Regrowth can occur from adventitious buds on these roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrastis Canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) Distribution does not Reflect Response to Microclimate Gradients across a Mesophytic Forest Cove

Sanders

McGraw

2005

Plant Ecol

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Spatial patterns of understory plant distribution can reflect availability of suitable abiotic microsites. Hydrastis canadensis is a native, herbaceous perennial whose distribution may be constrained by microsite availability. We planted 5 transects each on south-and north-facing cove hillsides with clonally derived rhizomes of H. canadensis. Transects were spaced 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 m from a third-order stream. Because the transect 20 m from the stream on the south-facing hillside was adjacent to a natural H. canadensis patch, this transect was postulated to represent suitable habitat. We tested the effects of aspect and distance from stream on phytometer growth measures (survival, leaf area, and both rhizome and leaf area relative growth rates). We also monitored temperature, humidity, and light, then quantified environmental distances for these measures between each transect location and the transect in suitable habitat. Plant growth measures were then regressed on these distances to test hypotheses about factor effects. Neither survival nor relative growth rates depended on aspect or distance from the stream, although leaf area was greater on the north-facing aspect in both years and increased with proximity to the stream in 2003. Rhizome relative growth rate did not depend on any of the environmental distance measures, although leaf area change depended on cumulative light, increasing as the environmental distance from the suitable site increased. The relatively weak association between environmental variation across the forested cove reinforces other studies suggesting that H. canadensis has a relatively broad ecological niche, and its rarity is unlikely due to lack of availability of suitable habitat.

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“…While vegetative reproduction has been assumed to be important in H. canadensis populations (Davis 1999;Van der Voort et al 2003;McGraw et al 2003;Sinclair et al 2005), tracking of new ramets from buds had not been done before. Sinclair et al (2005) assumed each new ramet was derived from the ramet it was immediately adjacent to.…”

Section: Sexual Versus Vegetative Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Population dynamics of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) in the core of its historical range

Christensen

Gorchov

2010

Plant Ecol

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Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae), is a perennial woodland herb of eastern North America harvested for the medicinal properties of its rhizome. Although listed in Appendix II of the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species, little is known of its population dynamics in the core of its historical range. We investigated the demography of wild populations at three forest interior sites in Ohio, including both sexual and asexual reproduction, in order to model population dynamics in the core of its historical range. We recognized six life history stages, and parameterized stage-structured (Lefkovich) transition matrices for each population. Marked individuals were monitored and field experiments were conducted to characterize and quantify seed dormancy, seedling establishment, and vegetative reproduction. We found seedling recruitment to be more common than suggested by previous studies, but less common than vegetative reproduction, and less important to projected population growth. The finite rate of increase, k, was greater than 1 for each population based on transition matrices for 1998-1999, but much less than 1 for two populations (and &1 for the third) based on 1999-2000 matrices. This reduction in k appears due to lower survival and growth of established (non-seedling) plants, which may have been due to drought in spring 1999. In both year-to-year transitions, fertile plants typically regressed to the large sterile stage. This research provides a basis for exploring the effects of different harvest strategies on the population dynamics of H. canadensis, enabling assessment of sustainability.

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Distribution and Abundance of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) and Panax quinquefolius L. (Araliaceae) in the Central Appalachian Region

Cited by 44 publications

References 8 publications

Ginsenoside content and variation among and within American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) populations

Ginsenoside content and variation among and within American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) populations

Hydrastis Canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae) Distribution does not Reflect Response to Microclimate Gradients across a Mesophytic Forest Cove

Population dynamics of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) in the core of its historical range

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