Distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Clostridium Perfringens isolated from vaccinated and unvaccinated goats

Khan, Mumtaz Ali; Bahadar, Sher; Ullah, Naimat; Ullah, Sana; Ullah, Sana; Khan, Alam Zeb; Khan, Imdad Ullah; Kalhoro, Nazeer Hussain; Shah, Muhammad Bilal; Malik, Muhammad Inam Ullah

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.011

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although vaccines and different antimicrobial agents are used to control enterotoxaemia [ 28 ], the extensive use of these agents to increase the growth rate of livestock animals and treat gastrointestinal infections likely serves as a way of transmitting antimicrobial-resistant genes or microbes into the human food chain [ 29 , 30 ]. The emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance between pathogenic and commensal bacteria is also of concern [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Mohiuddin

Iqbal

Siddique

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Clostridium perfringens poses a serious threat to small ruminants by causing moderate to severe enterotoxaemia. Due to its ability to produce a wide arsenal of toxins, it is ranked among the most prevalent and important pathogens in livestock. This study focused on the molecular characterization of different Clostridium perfringens types along with their antimicrobial resistance profile. An overall higher prevalence of C. perfringens (46.1%) was detected based on mPCR among sheep and goats (healthy and diseased) in the Punjab province, Pakistan. The majority of the isolates were characterized as type A (82%), followed by type D (18%). Among the isolates from diseased sheep and goats, 27% were positive for cpa, 49% for cpa and cpb2, 9% for cpa and etx, 15% for cpa, cpb2 and etx. In the case of isolates from healthy sheep and goats, 59% were positive for cpa, 34% for cpb2 and cpa, 4% for cpa and etx, and 3% for cpa, cpb2 and etx. The prevalence of the beta2 toxin gene in the diseased sheep and goat population was 64% as compared to 37% in healthy animals. All 184 isolates (100%) were sensitive to rifampin and ceftiofur; the majority (57%) was sensitive to teicoplanin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, linezolid and enrofloxacin. A lower proportion of isolates (43%) were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and only 14% were susceptible to erythromycin. The findings of this study highlight the higher prevalence of C. perfringens in small ruminants and indicate that detailed pathogenesis studies are necessary to understand the explicit role of various toxins in causing enteric infections in sheep and goats including how they might be exploited to develop vaccines against these diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Mohiuddin

Iqbal

Siddique

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Vaccination does not provide surety of protection against the disease (45). In a study, the occurrence of C. perfringens type D genotype in 37.1 and 33.94% in unvaccinated and vaccinated goats, respectively, has been reported with non-significant (p < 0.062) difference (56); thus, vaccination of enterotoxemia in animals is used for prophylaxis (45,57). Vaccination history is frequently used by animal owners/veterinarians to rule out infections by C. perfringens in case of an outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clostridium perfringens Types A and D Involved in Peracute Deaths in Goats Kept in Cholistan Ecosystem During Winter Season

et al. 2022

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Enterotoxemia is a severe and peracute disease caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) rendering high mortality leading to huge economic losses, especially in small ruminants. The bacterium induces peracute death in animals based on the rapid production of different lethal toxins. Mortality occurred three private herds of two breeds, i.e., Makhi Cheeni and Beetal, and one non-descriptive (Teddy) herds reared in the desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. At necropsy, tissue samples for histopathology and intestinal contents for bacterial isolation and culture were collected. Following the standard procedure, tissue slides were prepared. Multiplex PCR was used to identify toxinotypes using specific primers. Morbidity, mortality, and case fatality in Makhi Cheeni, Beetal, and Teddy goats caused by enterotoxemia were 87.58, 75.81, and 76.11%, respectively. Based on toxinotypes in the present outbreaks, C. perfringens type A (cpα = 20.7%; cpα + cpβ2 = 11.2%) and C. perfringens type D (cpα + cpβ2 + etx = 47.7%; cpα + etx = 20.7%) were detected. Deaths due to C. perfringens type D (68.10%) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared with deaths by C. perfringens type A (34.90%). Petechiation of serosal surfaces, hemorrhage of intestines, lungs, and liver were seen. Kidneys were soft, and under the microscope, tubules were studded with erythrocytes. There was stunting and fusion in the intestinal villi. From this study, we concluded that endotoxemia can occur in any season; thus, a proper vaccination schedule must be followed for the protection of small ruminants' health.

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“…When reviewing the antibiotic susceptibility against clostridial isolates it was found that of the fourteen antibiotics tested against C. perfringens, resistance was observed against eight antibiotics (Khan et al 2019). Another study recommended that a combination of clindamycin and penicillin should be used to treat C. septicum (Stevens et al 2005;Ranchal et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oil combinations against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum ‐ the causative agents of gas gangrene

Khan

Vuuren

2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The inhibitory and bactericidal effect of a wide range of essential oils, and their selected combinations against two pathogens (Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum), the causative pathogens of gas gangrenous infections were investigated. Fractional inhibitory indices were also calculated to determine the interactions. Methods and Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were used to determine the efficacy of the essential oils. Santalum austrocaledonicum demonstrated the highest activity inhibiting both Clostridial pathogens at the lowest concentration of 0Á02 mg ml −1 . Santalum austrocaledonicum combined with Cymbopogon martinii had the strongest inhibition against C. perfringens (MIC 0Á02 mg ml −1 ) and C. septicum (MIC 0Á01 mg ml −1 ). Selected combinations demonstrated synergy (ΣFIC ≤ 0Á50) in combination against both pathogens tested. Antagonism was also observed in many combinations. Conclusions: Selected essential oils, when studied either individually or in combination, have high inhibitory and bactericidal effects against both Clostridial strains. Nine combinations have proven to be synergistic with 23 combinations additive; 96 indifferent and 77 having an antagonistic effect against the pathogenic strains. Some combinations demonstrated extreme antagonism and as such, careful consideration needs to be given to essential oil selection against these pathogens. Significant Impact of the Study: Very few essential oils have been antimicrobially screened (MIC and MBC) against Clostridial strains and furthermore, the efficacies in combination are not known.

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Distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Clostridium Perfringens isolated from vaccinated and unvaccinated goats

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Prevalence, Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Clostridium perfringens Type A and D Isolated from Feces of Sheep (Ovis aries) and Goats (Capra hircus) in Punjab, Pakistan

Clostridium perfringens Types A and D Involved in Peracute Deaths in Goats Kept in Cholistan Ecosystem During Winter Season

Essential oil combinations against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum ‐ the causative agents of gas gangrene

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