Distribution and bioconcentration of endocrine disrupting chemicals in surface water and fish bile of the Pearl River Delta, South China

Steroid bioaccumulation profiles in typical freshwater aquaculture environments of South China and their human health risks via fish consumption

“…Previous studies reported that estrogens showed much higher concentrations in the bile of fish (equal to 4000 mg/L) exposed to sewage treatment effluent than rivers, estuaries, or coastal waters (up to 30 mg/L), especially for synthetic ones (Pettersson et al, 2006(Pettersson et al, , 2007Bizarro et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2014). However, studies concerning other classes of steroids such as androgens, glucocorticoids and progestagens in fish farm environment are very limited.…”

“…Only few studies paid their attention on the occurrence and bioaccumulation of estrogens in fish tissues from pond, reservoir, river, lake, and WWTP effluents (Liu et al, 2012a;Huang et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2014). The concentrations of estrogens including estrone (E1), 17b-estradiol (E2), 17a-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) in these aquatic environments were always at very low levels (ng/L) which could still be detected in fish tissues with the bioaccumulation factors up to 40,000 (Liu et al, 2012a;Yang et al, 2014). For other steroids, such as androgens, glucocorticoids and progestagens, there is only one study recently reported the bioaccumulation and human dietary exposure risk of these steroids in marine fish muscle by our group .…”

Konposatu disruptore endokrinoen azterketa kimika analitikoaren ikuspuntutik

“…Bigarren erreakzioari 2. fasea (Phase II) deritzo. Han, metabolito berri horien -OH edo -COOH taldeei glukuronido [32][33][34], glukosido [35] edo sulfato [32] talde bat lotzen zaie, konposatu polarragoak lortuz; hartara, behazunaren bidez kanporatzeko errazagoak diren konposatuak bilakatuz. Konposatu polarragoak (eraldatu gabe -OH edo -COOH taldea daukatenek) ez dute 1. fasea pairatzen, eta zuzenean 2. fasean transformatzen dira.…”

“…Hori dela eta, behazunean aurki daitezkeen kutsatzaileak esposizio laburrekoak dira, Martinez-Gomez eta haren lankideen arabera ordu gutxi eta zenbait egun bitartekoak [28]. Arrazoi horregatik bai eta behazunak duen metaketa ahalmenagatik ere, ikertzaile askok behazuna proposatzen dute biomonitorizazioetan neurtu beharreko ehuntzat [28,32].…”

“…Kontrako muturrean behazunean kalkulatutako BCFak daude. Horiek ingurumenean jasotako arrain-espezie desberdinetarako 1.000-20.000 izatera iritsi dira [27,32,76]. Muskuluan ez bezala, behazunean kalkulatu diren BCFak ikusita, behazuna biomonitorizazio-ehuntzat erabil daitekeela esan daiteke.…”