Distribution and biomarker of carbon‐14 labeled fullerene C₆₀ ([¹⁴C(U)]C₆₀) in pregnant and lactating rats and their offspring after maternal intravenous exposure

Abstract

A comprehensive distribution study was conducted in pregnant and lactating rats exposed to a suspension of uniformly carbon-14 labeled C60 ([14C(U)]C60). Rats were administered [14C(U)]C60 (~0.2 mg [14C(U)]C60/kg body weight) or 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-saline vehicle via a single tail vein injection. Pregnant rats were injected on gestation day (GD) 11 (terminated with fetuses after either 24h or 8d), GD15 (terminated after 24h or 4d), or GD18 (terminated after 24h). Lactating rats were injected on postnatal day 8 and terminated after 24h, 3d or 11d. The distribution of radioactivity in pregnant dams was influenced by both the state of pregnancy and time of termination after exposure. The percentage of recovered radioactivity in pregnant and lactating rats was highest in liver and lungs. Radioactivity was quantitated in over 20 tissues. Radioactivity was found in placenta and in fetuses of pregnant dams, and in the milk of lactating rats and in pups. Elimination of radioactivity was <2% in urine and feces at each time point. Radioactivity remained in blood circulation up to 11 days after [14C(U)]C60 exposure. Biomarkers of inflammation, cardiovascular injury and oxidative stress were measured to study the biological impacts of [14C(U)]C60 exposure. Oxidative stress were elevated in female pups of exposed dams. Metabolomics analysis of urine showed that [14C(U)]C60 exposure to pregnant rats impacted the pathways of vitamin B, regulation of lipid and sugar metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. This study demonstrated that [14C(U)]C60 crosses the placenta at all stages of pregnancy examined, and is transferred to pups via milk.

Association of urinary metabolites with radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis in overweight and obese adults: an exploratory study

“…Sample preparation, data acquisition, statistics, and pathway analysis were performed as previously described 26–29 . Briefly, each urine sample was prepared by mixing an aliquot (400 μL) of each of the study urine samples with 230 μL of D 2 O and 70 μL Chenomx Internal Standard solution (Chenomx, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada).…”

“…These pattern recognition methods are commonly used to analyze high dimensional multicollinear data such as metabolomics data 30, 31 . The advantage of these methods is that they reduce the dimensionality by creating new variables which are not correlated, and also allow for the data to be visualized 28, 29 . SIMCA 13 (Umetrics, Umeå, Sweden) was used to conduct the principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).…”

Preterm neonatal urinary renal developmental and acute kidney injury metabolomic profiling: an exploratory study

“…Sample preparation, data acquisition, data analysis, and pathway analysis followed procedures previously described [16–21]. Briefly, each of the 40 urine samples (200 µL) were prepared individually by addition of 25 µL D 2 0 and 25 µL Chenomx Internal Standard (Chenomx ISTD, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada).…”

Microfluidics meets metabolomics to reveal the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical pathways

“…The media samples were stored at −80°C. An aliquot of each media sample was thawed on ice and prepared for metabolomics analysis, as previously described (Sumner et al, 2009, Sumner et al, 2010b, Sumner et al, 2010a, Pathmasiri et al, 2012, Snyder et al, 2015). Each of the individual media sample was extracted with 50% acetonitrile (in water) and aliquot of the supernatant was lyophilized to dryness overnight.…”