Distribution and Characteristics of Residual Stresses in Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe Weld

Abstract

This paper explores the distribution and features of residual stresses formed by super duplex stainless steel pipe welding. Experimental investigations, which encompass an elevated temperature tensile test and metallographic observation along with a hardness test and residual stress measurement, were first conducted to obtain the mechanical properties at high base metal temperatures and to confirm whether or not the duplex stainless steel undergoes martensitic phase development during the welding process. Finally, experiments were performed to scrutinize the residual stress evolution through the metallurgical phase transformation in the weld region and its vicinity. A sequentially coupled 3D thermal, mechanical and metallurgical finite element (FE) model capable of incorporating the experimental consequences was established next. A 3D FE simulation of the girth welding process was conducted, and the axial and hoop residual stress profiles along the girth were evaluated. The results substantiate that martensitic phase evolution occurs in the process of cooling during the welding of super duplex stainless steel, and they also highlight the significance of taking the metallurgical phase transformation into account in the numerical reproduction of the girth welding process for the accurate expression of weld-induced residual stresses, which is especially important for precisely predicting hoop residual stresses.

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Evolution, Solid Phase Transformation, and Residual Stress Distribution during Multi-Pass Welding Process of EH36 Marine Steel

“…This is particularly applicable to the high-heat-input welding, where the measurement of temperature and stress distribution within both the molten pool and heat-affected zone presents great difficulties [16][17][18][19][20]. Moreover, the temperature distribution can trigger phase transformations and alter the stress distribution, which is a rather complex process [21][22][23]. With the development of heat source models and simulation methods, numerical simulation enables accurately characterizing the temperature history, microstructure evolution, and residual stress distribution throughout the welding process.…”