Distribution and Cocrystallization Coefficients of a Wide Range of Typomorphic Elements in Magnetite, Hematite, and Sphalerite in Hydrothermal Systems

Abstract

—Distribution of a wide range of elements in the systems with magnetite, hematite and sphalerite is studied by the method of thermogradient hydrothermal synthesis combined with internal fluid sampling at 450 °C temperature and 100 MPa pressure. The distribution and cocrystallization coefficients are determined; the literature and original data on these coefficients are summarized. The possibility of obtaining the reproducible data on elements distribution in the mineral − solution system in the occurrence of many typomorphic elements is substantiated. This considerably increases the experiment efficiency. A significant advantage of using cocrystallization coefficients rather than “conventional” distribution coefficients expressed by the ratio of the element concentrations in crystal and solution (fluid) is shown. The features of behavior and occurrence of elements in hydrothermal systems are provided with physico-chemical evidence, through application of cocrystallization coefficients. The examples of the behavior of typomorphic trace elements in sphalerite are considered, which support the theoretical analysis. The major (Fe, Mn, Zn and possibly Cu) and secondary (Ti, V, Al, and Co) components of ore-forming solutions are estimated according to the compositions of magnetite and hematite from hydrothermal ore deposits of various types. The similarity in compositions of magnetite and hematite does not prove their coformation from a single fluid, quite the reverse, and this fact indicates different compositions of fluids from which the minerals were deposited.