Distribution and diurnal variation of warm-season short-duration heavy rainfall in relation to the MCSs in China

Chen, Jiong; Zheng, Yu; Zhang, Xiaoling; Zhu, Pengfei

doi:10.1007/s13351-013-0605-x

Cited by 56 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The diurnal variations of the total frequency of HHR events, plotted at their starting times, are given as a solid line in Figure (b), showing that the total HHR frequency was less than 90 over the BMR from 0400 to 1200 LST, and it increased sharply after 1300 LST and reached a frequency of more than 250 at 1600 LST, and then the peak frequency of nearly 300 at 1900 LST with a slight drop between 1600 and 1900 LST. These peak periods agree with the finding of Zhang and Zhai () and Chen et al (). The total frequency of the HHR events decreased after 2000 LST, but it was still pronounced (i.e.…”

Section: Diurnal Variation Of Hhr Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang and Zhai (2011) examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of hourly extreme rainfall in the warm season in China, based on hourly precipitation data from 575 stations, and pointed out that extreme rainfall events over Northern China are most frequent in late afternoon and early evening. Chen et al (2013) investigated the warm-season short-duration heavy rainfall in China using hourly rain gauge data from 876 stations, and also found that the heavy rainfall over North China peaks in the afternoon and near midnight. Iwasaki (2012Iwasaki ( , 2015 found significant positive heavy rainfall trends from June to September in eastern Japan, which were closely related to the variation of lower-tropospheric moisture fluxes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A statistical analysis of hourly heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region during the warm seasons of 2007–2014

Cui

Zhang

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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A statistical analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of hourly heavy rainfall (HHR) events and rainstorm days, defined as greater than 20 mm h−1 and 50 mm day−1, respectively, is performed using observations at 5‐min intervals from 155 automated weather stations (AWSs) over the Beijing metropolitan region (BMR) during the warm seasons of 2007–2014. Results show pronounced variability in the frequencies and rainfall amounts of both HHR events and rainstorm days across the BMR of less than 150 km width from the west to east. That is, higher‐ (lower) frequency HHR events with more (less) accumulated rainfall amounts take place in eastern Haidian and over the BMR's northeast mountains (west and northwest mountains). Many extreme rainfall and even record‐breaking events, in terms of the frequency, duration, rainfall amount and intensity, are found to occur in the regions of high‐frequency HHR events and rainstorm days. The frequency of rainstorm days with HHR events accounts for more than 50% of that of total rainstorm days over the BMR's plains and near the northeast mountains. Results also show that HHR events occur most frequently in late July, and typically peak during 1600–2000 LST. A comparison of the averaged surface meteorological variables and upper‐air sounding at 0800 LST between HHR and non‐HHR days reveals that the occurrences of the HHR events coincide with the distribution of surface warmer and more humid air as well as organized convergence in the presence of an unstable environment with surface south‐ to southeasterly winds, low‐level south to southwesterly flows and a deep layer of higher moisture content. These results suggest likely the positive influences of urban environment and mountain‐plain circulations on the generation of the HHR events, given favourable larger‐scale conditions.

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Section: Diurnal Variation Of Hhr Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A statistical analysis of hourly heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region during the warm seasons of 2007–2014

Cui

Zhang

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Chen et al . () found that the diurnal peak of the short‐duration HR occurred in the later afternoon (1,600–1,700, local standard time, LST), the secondary peak occurred after midnight (0100–0200, LST) and in the early morning (0700–0800, LST). However, a detailed picture of the diurnal variation of HR for various intensities over South China has been unavailable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation of the duration and environment for heavy rainfall during the warm season in South China

Zhong¹

2020

Atmospheric Science Letters

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This article aims to examine the diurnal variation of heavy rainfall (HR) for various intensities and investigate duration and environment of HR during the warm season over South China. Results show that the HR mainly occurred in the late afternoon over most regions of Guangdong Province (GD) and east of Guangxi Province (GX), as well as the nocturnal-to-morning rainfall over the mountainous regions of northwestern GX and contiguous regions among GD. It exhibited two diurnal peaks in the early morning and in the late afternoon. HR which mostly occurred during the late afternoon by 1,700-1,900 LST exhibited longer durations (3-4 hr). The enhanced southerly wind and northerly wind over the mountainous, as well as the enhancement associated with strong horizontal surface-temperature gradient due to surface heating and stronger vertical wind shear in the lower troposphere, contributed to the highfrequency occurrences of the rainfall in the late afternoon. K E Y W O R D S atmosphere, geophysical sphere, observational data analysis, physical phenomenon, rainfall, seasonal scale, surface-based observations

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“…Therefore, the probability for an extreme event is usually discussed in terms of percentiles, and the 95th percentile is commonly used as the threshold (e.g., Frich et al, 2002; on extreme rainfall for accumulation periods shorter than 24 hours. An hourly rainfall event of 20 mm is commonly referred to as a short-duration heavy rainfall (SDHR) event, which is rare in China and the United States (Davis, 2001;Zhang and Zhai, 2011;Chen et al, 2013). Zhang and Zhai (2011) presented the temporal and spatial distributions and the climatological trend of extreme hourly rainfall with intensities greater than 20 mm h −1 and 50 mm h −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial characteristics of extreme rainfall over China with hourly through 24-hour accumulation periods based on national-level hourly rain gauge data

Zheng

Xue

et al. 2016

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Hourly rainfall measurements of 1919 national-level meteorological stations from 1981 through 2012 are used to document, for the first time, the climatology of extreme rainfall in hourly through 24-h accumulation periods in China. Rainfall amounts for 3-, 6-, 12-and 24-h periods at each station are constructed through running accumulation from hourly rainfall data that have been screened by proper quality control procedures. For each station and for each accumulation period, the historical maximum is found, and the corresponding 50-year return values are estimated using generalized extreme value theory. Based on the percentiles of the two types of extreme rainfall values among all the stations, standard thresholds separating Grade I, Grade II and Grade III extreme rainfall are established, which roughly correspond to the 70th and 90th percentiles for each of the accumulation periods. The spatial characteristics of the two types of extreme rainfall are then examined for different accumulation periods. The spatial distributions of extreme rainfall in hourly through 6-h periods are more similar than those of 12-and 24-h periods. Grade III rainfall is mostly found over South China, the western Sichuan Basin, along the southern and eastern coastlines, and in the large river basins and plains. There are similar numbers of stations with Grade III extreme hourly rainfall north and south of 30 • N, but the percentage increases to about 70% south of 30 • N as the accumulation period increases to 24 hours, reflecting richer moisture and more prolonged rain events in southern China. Potential applications of the extreme rainfall climatology and classification standards are suggested at the end.

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Distribution and diurnal variation of warm-season short-duration heavy rainfall in relation to the MCSs in China

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

A statistical analysis of hourly heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region during the warm seasons of 2007–2014

A statistical analysis of hourly heavy rainfall events over the Beijing metropolitan region during the warm seasons of 2007–2014

Diurnal variation of the duration and environment for heavy rainfall during the warm season in South China

Spatial characteristics of extreme rainfall over China with hourly through 24-hour accumulation periods based on national-level hourly rain gauge data

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