Distribution and ecological aspects of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) species in Northeastern Iran

Sofizadeh, Aioub; Rassi, Yavar; Hanafi‐Bojd, Ahmad Ali; Shoraka, Hamid Reza; Mesgarian, Fatemeh; Rafizadeh, Sayena

doi:10.4103/1995-7645.242309

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In the northern areas, especially in counties of Gonbad-e Kavus and Maraveh Tappeh, sand flies activity began in April and lasted until October. In these areas, the peak activity was recorded in mid-July and mid-September (20)(21)(26)(27). In the southern areas, sand fly activity is shorter and lasts from June to October, and reaches its peak during September (Fig.…”

Section: Ecology Of Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sand flies are more abundant in the northeastern areas of the province, which has an arid/semi-arid climate; however, they are less abundant in the western and southern areas of the province (20). The distribution of sand flies is directly correlated with endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis, so that in north and northeast of the province that leishmaniasis is more prevalent, the frequency of sand flies also is more than other areas (20,29). The sand flies were commonly found in rodent's burrows and birds' nests, outdoor places, and livestock barns and rarely found in human settlements (24).…”

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ph. papatasi and Sergentomyia sintoni are the predominant species in the Golestan Province (20,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Ph.…”

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…caucasicus group) have been reported in most studies in the Golestan Province. They are more abundant in the northeastern and eastern areas of the province (20). Infection of these species with L. major, L. turanica and L. closed gerbili has been reported, and the highest infection rates were related to L.…”

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is found in arid and semi-arid parts of the province, such as Gonbad-e Kavus and Maraveh Tappeh, as well as in temperate foothill areas, such as Aliabad-e-Katul. Nevertheless, it is more abundant in the eastern and northeastern areas of the province, especially in the foothills of the aforementioned cities and less abundant in low-altitude areas (20)(21)(26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background and objective: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is one of the most important health problems in Golestan Province, northeastern Iran. Several studies have investigated various aspects of the disease in this province. Herein, we provide a detailed review of the results of all studies related to leishmaniasis to give a reliable insight into the state of the disease in this province. Methods: The search for articles was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science without language restriction until the beginning of 2019. Articles in Persian were retrieved from the Magiran, Scientific Information Database, and IranMedex. Overall, 41 articles were subjected to content analysis under the different themes. Results: Counties of Gonbad-e-Kavus and Maraveh Tappeh are endemic areas of ZCL with an incidence rate 99.4-379.1 in 100000 population and has mesoendemic situation in these counties. Leishmania major is the dominant (99.1%) agent of leishmaniasis. Among 18 sandflies species detected in the province, Phlebotomus papatasi was the main vector of the disease with a mean infection rate of 9.2%. Peak of sandflies activity was recorded in the mid-July and mid-September. Rhombomys opimus and Meriones libycus were the main reservoirs of this disease with a mean infection rate of 25.3 and 31.8%. The density of sandflies and wild rodents were highest in the endemic areas for ZCL. Conclusion: In Golestan Province, ZCL has been in a hypoendemic situation and in some areas in a mesoendemic situation and has increased significantly in recent years, so it is recommended to investigate the reasons for this increase.

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Section: Ecology Of Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ph. papatasi and Sergentomyia sintoni are the predominant species in the Golestan Province (20,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Ph.…”

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Density Of Sand Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eco-Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Geographical and Molecular Analysis of Haplotype Variations in Leishmania major Among Infected Iranian Phlebotomus papatasi

Mohammadi,

Najafzadeh,

Ghafari

et al. 2024

Acta Parasit.

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Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran

Sanei-Dehkordi

Soleimani-Ahmadi

Zaré

et al. 2021

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Introduction Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread tropical infectious disease in the world. It is one of the most important health problem in Iran which is endemic in different parts of country. This study was conducted to determine epidemiological features of CL and distribution of sand flies in Hajiabad County, one of the important CL foci in southeast of Iran. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to March 2020. All of the suspected CL cases with skin lesions who referred to Hajiabad County health centers and all actively detected patients were clinically and parasitologically examined for CL. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were recorded. Moreover, in this study, sand flies were collected monthly from four typical plain and foothill villages during their active season (May–November) using sticky trap. Sand flies were mounted as permanent microscopic slides, using Puri's medium, and identified by taxonomic keys. Data were analyzed using SPSS.21 software and descriptive statistics. Results and discussion A total of 70 confirmed cases of CL were recorded; the incidence rate of the disease was 101 per 100,000 people. The most infected age group was 0–10 years, with a rate of 64.3%. Males were infected more than females and the majority of cases (85.7%) were recorded from rural areas. Most of the cases had 1 lesion (51.4%) and the most lesions (55.8%) were in upper extremities. During the study period, 832 sand fly specimens comprised of ten species of Sergentomyia and seven of Phlebotomus were collected and identified. The most prevalent species was P. papatasi (47.12%), followed by P. alexandri (8.41%) and P. salehi (6.25%). Among the collected Phlebotomus species, P. papatasi and P. sergenti are known as the primary vectors of CL and P. alexandri , P. salehi , and P. caucasicus , play the main role as the secondary vectors of CL in Iran. Conclusion This study has revealed that CL is endemic in Hajiabad County and there are five CL vectors that are distributed in this County and some of them are more prevalent in plain areas. These findings can be used as a basis for implementation of interventions toward vector control, which may help in suppression of vector density, and consequently, control of CL in the study area.

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Distribution and ecological aspects of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) species in Northeastern Iran

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Eco-Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: A Systematic Review

Eco-Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran: A Systematic Review

Geographical and Molecular Analysis of Haplotype Variations in Leishmania major Among Infected Iranian Phlebotomus papatasi

Epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis and distribution of sand flies in an endemic area in southeast of Iran

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