Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Sediments of North Canal, China

Pei, Shasha; Li, Binghua; Wang, Boxin; Liu, Jingchao; Song, Xuanying

doi:10.3390/w14131999

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The predicted no effect concentration ( PNEC ) was the highest concentration of a drug known to have no negative risks on organisms in the environment. The risks of herbicides in water sources were categorised as (i) low ( RQ ≤ 0.1); (ii) medium (0.1 < RQ < 1); or (iii) high ( RQ ≥ 1) [ 31 , 33 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicides in Water Sources: Communicating Potential Risks to the Population of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Mugudamani

Oke

Gumede

et al. 2023

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pesticides are an important tool for maintaining and improving the global population’s standard of living. However, their presence in water resources is concerning due to their potential consequences. Twelve water samples from rivers, dams/reservoirs, and treated drinking water were collected from Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa. The collected samples were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography linked to a QTRAP hybrid triple quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The ecological and human health risks were assessed by risk quotient and human health risk assessment methods, respectively. Herbicides, such as atrazine, metolachlor, simazine and terbuthylazine, were analysed in water sources. The average concentrations of simazine in rivers (1.82 mg/L), dams/reservoirs (0.12 mg/L), and treated drinking water (0.03 mg/L) were remarkable among all four herbicides detected. Simazine, atrazine, and terbuthylazine posed high ecological risks for both acute and chronic toxicity in all water sources. Moreover, simazine is the only contaminant in the river water that poses a medium carcinogenic risk to adult. It can be concluded that the level of herbicide detected in water sources may affect aquatic life and human beings negatively. This study may aid in the development of pesticide pollution management and risk reduction strategies within the municipality.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicides in Water Sources: Communicating Potential Risks to the Population of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Mugudamani

Oke

Gumede

et al. 2023

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Occurrence of selected Covid-19 drugs in surface water resources: a review of their sources, pathways, receptors, fate, ecotoxicity, and possible interactions with heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems

Maremane,

Belle,

Oberholster

et al. 2024

Environ Geochem Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) led to the high consumption of antibiotics such as azithromycin as well as corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone used to treat the disease. Seemingly, the concentrations of these four Covid-19 drugs increased in wastewater effluents and surface water resources. This is due to the failure of traditional wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) to eliminate pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to review the present state of literature on the occurrence of four Covid-19 drugs in water resources, the associated risks and toxicity, their fate, as well as the emergence of combined pollutants of Covid-19 drugs and heavy metals. From late 2019 to date, azithromycin was observed at concentrations of 935 ng/L, prednisone at 433 ng/L, prednisolone at 0.66 ng/L, and dexamethasone at 360 ng/L, respectively, in surface water resources. These concentrations had increased substantially in water resources and were all attributed to pollution by wastewater effluents and the rise in Covid-?19 infections. This phenomenon was also exacerbated by the observation of the pseudo-persistence of Covid-19 drugs, long half-life periods, as well as the excretion of Covid-19 drugs from the human body with about 30?90% of the parent drug. Nonetheless, the aquatic and human health toxicity and risks of Covid-19 drugs in water resources are unknown as the concentrations are deemed too low; thus, neglecting the possible long-term effects. Also, the accumulation of Covid-19 drugs in water resources presents the possible development of combined pollutants of Covid-19 drugs and heavy metals that are yet to be investigated. The risks and toxicity of the combined pollutants, including the fate of the Covid-19 drugs in water resources remains a research gap that undoubtably needs to be investigated.

show abstract

Qualitative screening of emerging contaminants in urban and natural waters of Mangaung District of the Free State province of South Africa

Oke,

Mugudamani,

Kemp

2024

Discov Environ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemicals enable the development of new technologies while also raising living standards and quality of life. Although chemicals are used in many aspects of daily life, such as the advance of innovative technologies and the improvement of living values, many of them are discharged into the aqueous environment which may lead to negative environmental health effects such as endocrine disorders, reduced reproductive rates, reduced life expectancy and insomnia. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography connected to hybrid triple quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer was used for qualitative non-target screening of emerging contaminants in water sources. The analytes were detected in five rivers, five dams, three wastewater treatment works and two drinking water treatment plants. The qualitative screening of emerging contaminants in these urban and natural water sources revealed 32 analytes under pharmaceutical and pesticide groups. From these groups, stimulants and herbicides were the most dominant. Among the analytes found in urban and natural waters of Mangaung District, three stimulants (ephedrine, nicotine, and metformin) and two herbicides (terbuthylazine, and sebuthylazine) were mostly detected. High number of these analytes (diphenhydramine, orphenadrine, cyclicine, paracetamol, sulfamethoxazol, metformin, bezafibrate, lamivudine, THC-COOH, methamphetamine, nicotine, ephedrine, theophylline, hordenine, sebuthylazine, atrazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, metolachlor, carbendazim, diazinon, and simazine) was observed in river samples and least in treated drinking water. Most notable was the detection of terbuthylazine in all samples collected in dams, effluent and treated drinking water. The ubiquitous presence of terbuthylazine in water sources may possibly lead to some environmental health risks. The findings of this study may be used for target analysis of these chemicals in future monitoring and risk assessment studies in the Free State region, where emerging contaminants research is limited. Furthermore, it may assist water managers and policymakers in assessing water quality and managing pollution more effectively.

show abstract

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Sediments of North Canal, China

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Herbicides in Water Sources: Communicating Potential Risks to the Population of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Herbicides in Water Sources: Communicating Potential Risks to the Population of Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Occurrence of selected Covid-19 drugs in surface water resources: a review of their sources, pathways, receptors, fate, ecotoxicity, and possible interactions with heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems

Qualitative screening of emerging contaminants in urban and natural waters of Mangaung District of the Free State province of South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About