Distribution and ecology of Rafflesia in Royal belum  state park, Perak, Malaysia

Kedri, Farah Khaliz; Hamzah, Zulhazman; Sukri, Nur Sayzwani; Yaacob, Siti Hajar; Majid, Nur Kyariatul Syafinie Abd; Mokhtar, Nasihah; Amir, Siti Fatimah

doi:10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.13335

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Among the causes of damage to flower buds were pests such as termites that cause decay to the flower buds (Wan Norqayyum Nadia, 2014). Besides, flower buds positioned higher than the forest floor surface were subjected to heavy gravity attraction, causing the flower buds to fall to the ground (Farah Khaliz et al, 2018). Natural disasters similar to the 2003 tsunami in Acheh have resulted in the loss and decline of several Rafflesia populations in Meru Betiri National Park, East Java (Hikmat, 2006).…”

Section: Rafflesia Population Status and Host Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these plants are endemics in certain areas, for example, the Rafflesia sp. (Rafflesiaceae), which is only found in some areas of Southeast Asia; ranging from Sumatra, Java Islands, Borneo Island, Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and in the Philippine Islands (Barcelona et al, 2009;Erlinda et al, 2018;Farah Khaliz et al, 2018;Mat-Salleh et al, 2011;Meijer, 1984;Suwartini et al, 2008;Wiriadinata & Sari, 2011). The Rafflesia sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floristic Community Composition in Rafflesia’s Habitat at Kinabalu Park, Sabah

Wahab,

Saibeh,

Khamis

et al. 2021

BSJ

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In the vicinity of Kinabalu Park, Sabah, a study was conducted to determine the plant community and its composition in the habitat of Rafflesia sp. and its host, Tetrastigma sp. A total of 5 circular-shaped plots each with a fixed radius of 20 meters, were located around Kinabalu Park, namely in Losou Podi, Losou Minunsud, Sayap Substation, Langanan and Gansurai. The Rafflesia species detected in Kinabalu Park during the present study were Rafflesia pricei and R. keithii. Overall, 19 Rafflesia individuals were detected, which comprised of 3 flowers and 16 buds. A total of 20 scars from former dead flowers and buds were obtained on the host, where they possessed an average diameter of 2.2-4.8 cm from the five plots. There were 778 individuals recorded for plant community, belonging to 111 genera, 53 families and 250 species. The total tree density was 1238 individuals/ha, where the family Lauraceae (11.05%) had the highest individuals followed by Annonaceae (8.61%). Although the species Baccaurea lanceolata were found in all study plots, the species Xantophyllum macrophyllum has the most individuals detected (3.60%) in the plant community habitats. The value of the Shannon-Wiener Index was H’=3.23 and the Evenness Index is low, E=0.10. The percentage of family similarity between plots was high (SBC=70.19–48.23%), but the percentage of species similarity between plots was very low (SJ=4.31–1.54%). This study shows that both the species of Xanthophyllum macrophyllum and Baccaurea lanceolata have a relationship with the habitat ofRafflesia in Kinabalu Park, as both species were located nearest to the Rafflesia’s host. Moreover, these two species were seen to be well associated with Tetrastigma since the Tetrastigma was observed to climb several trees of these species in the plot.

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Section: Rafflesia Population Status and Host Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic Community Composition in Rafflesia’s Habitat at Kinabalu Park, Sabah

Wahab,

Saibeh,

Khamis

et al. 2021

BSJ

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“…In one sub-population, the host has been found as a dead plant because it has been cut down by the locals. The breakdown of the stem or host root infected with R. arnoldii will certainly disrupt the development of R. arnoldii directly because it will cause the cessation of nutrient supply from the host [16,13].…”

Section: Host Plants: Tetrastigma Leucostaphylummentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Pandam Gadang West Sumatra

2019

J.Trop.Life.Science

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Pandam Gadang has tropical forests which become the habitat of Rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii), which grows as a parasite of Tetrastigma (Vitaceae). Study on R. arnoldii is needed since its population continuously decreases as a result of habitat destruction of its host. The aim of the study was to determine habitat conditions, vegetation structure, and characteristics of the host species of Rafflesia; to identify environmental factors, and determine the Rafflesia habitat suitability in Pandam Gadang Koto Tinggi Village, West Sumatra. Analysis of vegetation in the habitat where Rafflesia grows using a circular plot. The number of individuals Rafflesia found was recorded and completed with observations of its morphology. Microclimate measurements were carried out together with data collection in the field. Flower morphological analysis was descriptively presented. Environmental parameters were-processed with Canoco software 4.56 using Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Habitat suitability was analyzed using Maximum Entropy. The 17 Rafflesia individuals found on Pandam Gadang were R. arnoldii, known as "Cendawan Biriang", living parasitically on Tetrastigma leucostaphylum. The results of analysis of vegetation in the Rafflesia habitat showed that there were 250 individual plants consisting of 42 species and 21 genera. Seedlings most dominant was Lauraceae, belt was dominated by Moraceae, Meliaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. Trees were dominated by Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, and Meliaceae. Existence and survival of R. arnoldii depended on soil pH 7-7.8, environmental humidity 83-91.8 %, and distance from the nearest river 3-27.8 m.

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“…(Heyne, 1987). Rafflesia yang dicampur kayu manis dapat menghentikan keluarnya darah nifas, memperkuat bagian-bagian yang lemah, dan memulihkan tenaga (Kedri et al, 2018). Lemmens (2003) mengemukakan bahwa Rafflesia yang dikenal dengan nama padmosari dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan rahim perempuan pasca melahirkan dan menghentikan pendarahan.…”

Section: A Karakteristik Respondenunclassified

Use and Community Attitute Toward Rafflesia Zollingeriana and Its Conservation in Meru Betiri National Park

Lestari

Rianto

2019

j.penelit.sosial.ekonomi.kehutan.

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Conservation efforts will succeed if it involves the community so that the utilization of certain species and the attitude of the surrounding community are very important to be known. This study aims to find the utilization of Rafflesia zollingeriana so far and how the attitudes of the surrounding community towards R. zollingeriana, as well as its conservations. R. zollingeriana has been collected by the community around Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) to be utilized as medicinal materials. The survey results indicated that the community's knowledge and awareness towards R. zollingeriana and its conservation are still low. Utilization of R. zollingeriana mainly occurs due to its economic value. Hence the adopted conservation policy must integrate sustainable use and economic interests of the surrounding community. The recommended form of conservation for R. zollingeriana is ecotourism. This activity should involve relevant stakeholders, among others the community, MBNP, local government, private sector, NGOs, researchers, and academics. There are two proposed areas for the development of R. zollingeriana ecotourism, namely Teluk Hijau and Sukamade beaches. The management of these two locations must pay attention to the aspects of the prevention, mitigation, and recovery. In addition, it is recommended to carry out routine inventory and propagation activities of R. zollingeriana by involving the collaboration of stakeholders, so that the population of R. zollingeriana in MBNP can be sustained for various purposes. ABSTRAKUpaya konservasi akan berhasil jika melibatkan masyarakat sehingga pemanfaatan dan sikap masyarakat sekitar sangat penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemanfaatan Rafflesia zollingeriana selama ini dan bagaimana sikap masyarakat sekitar terhadap R. zollingeriana dan konservasinya. R. zollingeriana dahulu dikumpulkan warga sekitar TNMB dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap R. zollingeriana dan konservasinya masih rendah sehingga diperlukan sosialisasi. Pemanfaatan R. zollingeriana terutama terjadi karena faktor ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan konservasi yang diambil harus memadukan pemanfaatan yang berkelanjutan dan kepentingan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar. Bentuk konservasi yang direkomendasikan adalah ekowisata R. zollingeriana. Kegiatan ini sebaiknya dilakukan dengan melibatkan stakeholder terkait: masyarakat, BTNMB, pemda, swasta, LSM, peneliti, dan akademisi. Terdapat dua kawasan yang diusulkan menjadi lokasi pengembangan ekowisata R. zollingeriana, yaitu Teluk Hijau dan pantai Sukamade. Pengelolaan kedua lokasi tersebut harus memperhatikan aspek pencegahan, penanggulangan, dan pemulihan. Selain itu, disarankan adanya kegiatan inventarisasi rutin dan propagasi R. zollingeriana yang melibatkan kolaborasi stakeholder. Hal ini dilakukan supaya populasi R. zollingeriana di TNMB tetap terjaga dan berkelanjutan untuk berbagai keperluan.

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Distribution and ecology of Rafflesia in Royal belum state park, Perak, Malaysia

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Floristic Community Composition in Rafflesia’s Habitat at Kinabalu Park, Sabah

Floristic Community Composition in Rafflesia’s Habitat at Kinabalu Park, Sabah

Ecology of Rafflesia arnoldii (Rafflesiaceae) in Pandam Gadang West Sumatra

Use and Community Attitute Toward Rafflesia Zollingeriana and Its Conservation in Meru Betiri National Park

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