Distribution and estrogenic potential of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in estuarine sediments from Mumbai, India

Abstract

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are responsible for inappropriate development and they alter the hormonal and homeostatic systems of organism. Phthalates (PAEs), bisphenol A (BPA) and other EDCs were monitored in surface sediments at different stations across Thane Creek, India. Analysis of PAEs was carried out using GC-MS technique, while BPA and other EDCs were analyzing on UPLC-PDA instrument. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) had the highest concentration among all fourteen analyzed phthalates ranges between 0.13 and 0.4 mg kg(-1); and was detectable in all sediment samples. Strong correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.01) was observed between total organic carbon (TOC, %) and total PAEs. BPA was also detected in all samples; average BPA concentration varies from 16.3 to 35.79 μg kg(-1) with mean value 25.15 μg kg(-1) dry weight of sediment. Synthetic EDCs such as 4-para-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) were also analyzed; and their average concentrations were founds to be 356.5 and 176 μg kg(-1), respectively. Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were the main contributors to the overall estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQs) in sediment, their average total percentage contributions is more than 90 %.

Sediments in the mangrove areas contribute to the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in coastal sediments of Macau SAR, China, and harbour microbial communities capable of degrading E2, EE2, BPA and BPS

“…The monitoring of EDCs revealed a ubiquitous contamination of sediment samples of the coastal area of Macau with BPA. Detection frequencies of 100% for BPA is similar with frequencies found in other locations in China (Liu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2014) and India (Tiwari et al, 2016). Moreover, the concentration range of BPA in the studied sediments was in the same order of magnitude of that reported for sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (4.7-41.1 ng g -1 dw) (Wang et al 2016), Songhua River (1.60-17.3 ng g -1 dw) (Zhang et al 2014) and Fen river (Liu et al 2017) and also estuarine sediments from Mumbai, India (16.3-35.79 ng g -1 dw) (Tiwari et al 2016).…”

“…Detection frequencies of 100% for BPA is similar with frequencies found in other locations in China (Liu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2014) and India (Tiwari et al, 2016). Moreover, the concentration range of BPA in the studied sediments was in the same order of magnitude of that reported for sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (4.7-41.1 ng g -1 dw) (Wang et al 2016), Songhua River (1.60-17.3 ng g -1 dw) (Zhang et al 2014) and Fen river (Liu et al 2017) and also estuarine sediments from Mumbai, India (16.3-35.79 ng g -1 dw) (Tiwari et al 2016). For the sediments of the Pearl River system previous studies reported values varying from ND-296 ng g -1 dw, with detection frequencies of 83 to 100% in South China (Liuxi River, Zhujiang River and Shijing River) (Zhao et al 2011).…”

Microbial degradation of steroid sex hormones: implications for environmental and ecological studies

“…In addition, concentrations of natural oestrogens (E1, E2 and E3) in the Wulo Creek of southern Taiwan were as high as 1.3 µg l À1 due to the livestock feedlot nearby (Chen et al, 2010). The content of steroid hormones in river and marine sediments is often detected at ng g À1 levels (Huang et al, 2013;Gorga et al, 2015;Praveena et al, 2016;Tiwari et al, 2016).…”

Biodegradation and Metabolic Pathway of 17β-Estradiol by Rhodococcus sp. ED55

“…Consequently, estrogens and others endocrine disruptors chemicals (EDCs) are continuously released into the environment via effluent discharge, resulting in their occurrence in the range of low microgram per liter to few nanogram per liter levels in rivers [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], lakes [ 10 ], sediments [ 8 , 11 ] and even in drinking water reservoirs [ 12 ]. Due to the high concern posed by these contaminants, E2 and EE2 were added to the first EU watch list of emerging substances to be monitored in 2013 (Directive 2013/39/EU).…”