Distribution and extent of suitable habitats of Prince Ruspoli turaco (Tauraco ruspolii) and White-cheeked turaco (Tauraco leucotis) in times of climate change in Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Understanding the distribution pattern of species and their suitable habitat is key to focus conservation effort. In the face of climate change, the extent of suitable habitats of species may affect over time thus, their survival and distribution. We aim to determine the distribution and extent of suitable habitats for Tauraco ruspolii and T. leucotis in Ethiopia and predict their range in 2050s and 2070s using MaxEnt algorithm. We used 25 and 29 rarified occurrence points for T. ruspolii and T. leucotis, respectively, and 13 environmental variables. Three regularization multipliers and two cut-off thresholds were used to map the potential suitable habitats for each species under current and future climates. Maps were assembled from these techniques to produce a final composite tertiary maps and investigated the habitat suitability overlap between the two species using the UNION tool in the geographical information system. Result All model run performances were highly accurate for both species. Precipitation of the driest month and vegetation cover are the most influential variables for the habitat suitability of T. ruspolii. The habitat suitability of T. leucotis is also mainly influenced by mean temperature of driest quarter and vegetation cover. Under the current climate, the suitable habitat predicted to T. ruspolii covered about 24639.19 km2, but its range size change shows gain and increase by 156.00% and 142.68% in 2050 and 2070, respectively. The T. leucotis‘s current suitable habitat ranges about 204397.62 km², but this is reduced by 40.84% and 68.67% in 2050 and 2070, respectively. Our modeling also showed that there was suitable habitat overlap between them at the margin of their respective habitat types in time series. Conclusion we concluded that there is a direct or indirect impact of climate change on the suitable habitat range expansion for T. ruspolii and contraction for T. leucotis as well as overlapping of these turaco species in different regions of Ethiopia. Therefore, understanding the distribution of current and future suitable habitats of the two turaco species can provide valuable information to implement conservation practices for the species and the regions as well.