Distribution and Fate of Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides on the Soil-Forage-Milk Chain in Three Transylvanian Farms

Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment

“…RT 7.30–10.7 min” [ 394 ] Tap and well water, tea, milk 5 0.002–0.08 0.005–0.26 Tap and well: 84.1–100.9; green tea and milk: 83.4−101.6 Tap& well: 8.2; green tea& milk: 1.4−8.6 GC-MS “MRM, the GC oven temperature was set as follows: 70 °C for 1 min, 10 °C min−1 to 180 °C (held for 5 min), 5 °C min−1 to 220 °C, and 30 °C min−1 to 280 °C (held for 8 min)” [ 395 ] Milk, soil, water 17 0.11 to 0.83 0.37–2.75 23.35–100.17 GC-ECD: “Splitless, the initial column temperature was 75 °C that was maintained for 1 min, increased at a rate of 25 °C/min to 150 °C, raised at a rate of 6 °C/min to 225 °C, and lastly increased at a rate of 15 °C/min to 290 °C where it was maintained for 10 min. The total analysis time was 31 min” [ 396 ] Human Serum 28 22.11–128.66 78–97 1.8–13.3 GC-HRMS: SIM [ 40 ] Lipid serum of human 17 0.84–25.7 3.20–89.9 86–120 GC-MS/MS [ 41 ] Blood 11 0.01–0.5 L Spiked blanks: 93–106, matrix spikes: 94–112 procedural blanks, Surrogate: 63–91 GC-MS: “Splitless mode, column flow rate was set at 1 Ml min− 1 in multiple reaction monitoring mode, with the starting oven temperature at 100 °C (1 min), ramping at 11 °C min− 1 to 180 °C, then 3 ◦Cmin-1 to 260 °C and ultimately to 300 °C at rate of 20 °C min− 1 with final holding time of 6 min” [ 397 ] Blood 4 MDL:0.37–1.8 MQL: 0.11–0.53 82–116 ...…”

Forensic Profiling of Non-Volatile Organic Compounds in Soil using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography: A Pilot Study

“…However, a multitude of human activities have directly or indirectly contributed varying amounts of extraneous materials into soils. For example, organic materials are introduced into soils through the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides by farmers [ 2 , 3 ]. In contrast, heavy metal contamination in soils is typi­cally caused by industrial activities, such as mining and mineral processing [ 4 , 5 ].…”