Distribution and Identification of Chlorides in Distillates from YS Crude Oil

Abstract

This study investigated the distribution and identification of chlorides in distillates from YS crude oil on the basis of true boiling point (TBP) distillation technology. YS crude oil was categorized into low-acid light crude oil with total chlorine content of 10.019 mg/l, in which the inorganic chlorine and organochlorine contents were determined as 5.870 and 4.419 mg/l, respectively. A total of 21 distillates and one residual oil (>500 °C) were obtained by TBP distillation. The organochlorine compounds were observed as predominant one among all distillates instead of inorganic chlorine compounds. The organochlorine content of 141.1 mg/l within the boiling range of 39.2 °C (initial boiling point, IBP) to 60 °C was the maximum when compared with that in other distillates. However, the organochlorine content in distillates gradually decreased with increasing boiling range from IBP to 260 °C. Meanwhile, low-boiling chlorides, such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene, were identified from the distillates (<300 °C) via gas chromatography with electron capture detector (ECD). Accordingly, these low-boiling chlorides coexisted in almost all distillates (<300 °C). By contrast, high boiling components with electronegativity were observed only in the boiling range of 220 °C to 300 °C, and these species increased with the increasing boiling range of distillates.

Separation and Characterization of Organic Chlorides in a Chinese Crude Oil

“…Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the distribution, chemical composition, and molecular structure of organic chlorides in crude oil, which could help to predict the position of chlorine corrosion and ammonium chloride deposition, discover the origin of the illegal addition of organic chlorides, and guide the implementation of targeted measures. Moreover, it is useful for the development of adsorption and hydrodechlorination (HDCl) technology …”

“…Although organic chlorides have been extensively analyzed by gas chromatography with the electron capture detector (GC‐ECD), only a few studies have been devoted to correlating the detailed composition of organic chlorides in crude oil and its distillates. At present, the organic chlorides identification by GC‐ECD is mainly concentrated on light distillates (naphtha, gasoline), in which the identified organic chlorides were mainly low boiling point chlorinated hydrocarbons and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 1,2‐dichlorobenzene, 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichloromethane, 1,2‐dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2,3‐trichloropropene, 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene, 1,1,1,3‐tetrachloropropane, hexachloroethane, 3‐chloropropene, and dichloromethane, etc …”

Potential utilization of commercial waste in Jakarta as alternative fuel by cement industry

“… Sources : Dianda et al (2017), Garcés et al (2016), Kanna et al (2017), Marquard and Bahls AG (2015), McDonnell et al (2010), Oliva et al (2009), Rahman et al (2017), Speight (2019), Vandecasteele and Vermeulen (2011), Vounatsos et al (2013), Wang et al (2012), Wei et al (2014), Wu et al (2015), Yao et al (2018), and Zieri et al (2018). …”

Organic Chlorides in Petroleum Crude Oil: Challenges for Refinery and Mitigations

“…However, organic chlorides contamination may vary from crude oil to oil. This includes carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, 1,2,3‐trichloropropene, 1,1,2,2‐tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,3‐tetrachloropropane, hexachloroethane, methylene chloride, 2‐chloropropane, 1,2‐dichloroethane, 1,1‐dichloroethane, 1,2‐dichloropropane, 2,3‐dichlorobutane, 1,2‐dichlorobutane, 1,2,3‐trichloropropane, 1,2‐dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene 10. These chloride components are summarized in Fig.…”