Distribution and leaching characteristics of trace elements in ashes as a function of different waste fuels and incineration technologies

Saqib, Naeem; Bäckström, Mattias

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.006

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The BAs from the grate fired combustor (facility 1) and rotary kiln (facility 2) had a higher Cu content than the respective FAs, whereas the CFB (facility 3) produced a FA that had a slightly higher Cu content than the BA. Zn was more abundant in the FAs than in the BAs, in line with earlier investigations of MSWI ashes. , One reason for the higher concentration of Zn in the FAs may be the formation of volatile zinc compounds, such as ZnCl 2 , in the combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One reason may be that soluble salts get physically trapped in the melt from incineration. 35 Most of the BAs contained copper ferrite, CuFe 3 O 4 , which indicates reactions between Cu compounds and iron compounds in the combustion.…”

Section: Xanes Analyses Of Cu Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zn was more abundant in the FAs than in the BAs, in line with earlier investigations of MSWI ashes. 32,33 One reason for the higher concentration of Zn in the FAs may be the formation of volatile zinc compounds, such as ZnCl 2 , in the combustion.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Elementalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Quantification of Chemical Forms of Cu and Zn in MSWI Ashes Using XANES

et al. 2020

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Incineration is in many countries a common treatment method for municipal solid waste, and utilization of the ash residues has attracted significant interest. The bottom ash is best suited as a secondary construction material, whereas the fly ash is being investigated as a secondary raw material for recovery of, for example, Zn, Cu, and salts. For both types of application, knowledge about the chemical speciation of Zn and Cu in the ashes is valuable. The present work focuses on identifying and quantifying the chemical species of Zn and Cu in 12 samples of fly ash and bottom ash from three waste-to-energy plants using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The XANES spectra of the ash samples showed similar distinctive features, and both in the bottom and fly ash samples, the same chemical forms were identified but in various ratios. Cu and Zn occurred in several chemical forms, with typically 5−7 forms present in the same sample. For Cu, the XANES spectra of the fly ash samples were nearly identical, indicating very similar chemical speciation (same chemical forms and similar ratios). Cu was found to exist in various oxide, hydroxide, chloride, silicate, and metallic forms. The most commonly occurring Zn compounds were the aluminate, ferrite, silicate, and oxide along with chloride, basic carbonate (hydrozincite), and occasionally metallic forms, probably alloyed with Cu in brass. Cu occurred in different oxidation states from zero to +II, with a higher prevalence of the lower oxidation states in bottom ash than in fly ash. Zn occurred mainly in oxidation state +II in all ashes analyzed. Finally, we showed that during outdoor storage of bottom ash, levels of Cu and Zn hydroxycarbonates were increased compared to fresh bottom ash. This carbonate formation aims to make Cu and Zn less leachable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Xanes Analyses Of Cu Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Quantification of Chemical Forms of Cu and Zn in MSWI Ashes Using XANES

et al. 2020

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“…This category of land cover is usually strongly correlated with the occurrence of small-scale (but very numerous) non-industrial sources of emissions. These emissions are generated, among others, by vehicular traffic, fuel combustion, and waste incineration [35][36][37][38][39], and contain a wide spectrum of elements, including trace metals from the first (factor 1) and second (factor 2) groups. It is possible that their increase over time undermined the effects of implementing pro-environmental solutions in the industrial sector, becoming another reason for the lack of a clear improvement in air quality in the period 2001-2015.…”

Section: Temporal Changes In Trace Metal Accumulation In Mossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Cross-Regional Variability in the Level of Air Pollution in Poland—A Study Using Moss as a Bioindicator

Kapusta

Godzik

2020

Atmosphere

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This study assessed recent (2015) and past (2001) levels of air pollution in four regions of Poland by moss monitoring. The surveyed regions encompassed, among others, copper and zinc-lead industrial districts, large urban agglomerations and an area away from pollution sources. Moss (Pleurozium schreberi) was sampled from 117 sites. In 2001, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined. In 2015, 10 extra elements were analyzed in addition to these metals. The results showed that the regions substantially differed in the chemical profile of air pollution, which corresponded well with the type of industry and the degree of industrialization and urbanization. There was also a significant change in air pollution between the 2001 and 2015 surveys, but it was inconsistent: its magnitude and direction were both metal-dependent and region-dependent. Namely, while the levels of some metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) decreased, other metals (e.g., Cr and Ni) showed the opposite trend. Importantly, these decreases (or increases) were usually limited to regions of low concentrations of a given metal. The results suggest that air quality has not significantly improved recently, but the type of emissions has changed. It seems that the importance of non-industrial pollution sources has increased.

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“…There is a lot of information in literature on the characterization of bottom or fly ashes from combustion of woody materials [8,[12][13][14] on the sintering mechanisms [15,16], the leaching of various elements into soil [17,18] and on possible uses for soil amendment or construction materials [19,20]. However, the need to introduce new biomass fuels into the market demands the use of feedstock blends in order to increase supply options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational and Environmental Impact of Ashes Produced from Combustion of Vineyard Wastes and their Blends in Fixed and Fluidized Bed Units

Vamvuka

Stratakis

Alevizos

2019

WJASS

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The study aimed to provide valuable information for the promotion of vine by-products in fuelling small-to-medium size enterprises near wine/spirit processing industries. The objective was to evaluate and compare the ashes produced from both fixed and fluidized bed combustion of these wastes and their mixtures. Ashes were characterized by mineralogical, chemical, thermal and fusibility analyses and water leaching tests were conducted to remove problematic elements. Slagging/fouling propensities of ashes were determined, and their environmental impact and potential uses were assessed.The results showed that all ashes were rich in Ca, K, P and Si incorporated mainly in calcite, fairchildite, hydroxyapatite and albite minerals. The fly ash of grape skins was enriched in K and P. Heavy metals showed less preference for fly ashes and all values were below the upper limit for disposal in landfills. The slagging/fouling tendency of grape skins ash was significant; however, no deposition is expected in systems operating below 1000 °C for both fuels and their blend. Water leaching greatly reduced the slagging/fouling potential of ashes. Fixed bed or fly ashes could be used as secondary building materials or for road construction. Those of grape skins could also be used for soil amendment.

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Distribution and leaching characteristics of trace elements in ashes as a function of different waste fuels and incineration technologies

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Identification and Quantification of Chemical Forms of Cu and Zn in MSWI Ashes Using XANES

Identification and Quantification of Chemical Forms of Cu and Zn in MSWI Ashes Using XANES

Temporal and Cross-Regional Variability in the Level of Air Pollution in Poland—A Study Using Moss as a Bioindicator

Operational and Environmental Impact of Ashes Produced from Combustion of Vineyard Wastes and their Blends in Fixed and Fluidized Bed Units

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