Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast

Zhao, Zhen; Xie, Zhiyong; Møller, Axel; Sturm, Renate; Tang, Jianhui; Zhang, Gan; Ebinghaus, Ralf

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.06.004

Cited by 141 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Generally, the concentrations of PFASs in water from Section 3 of Xiaoqing River were among the highest ever reported (Lein et al, 2008;Bao et al, 2011;Shan et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014b). Concentrations of PFASs in marine waters outside of the Xiaoqing estuary (W29eW36: 586e8120 ng/L) were also 2e3 orders of magnitude higher than concentrations previously reported for coastal seawater in China (Cai et al, 2012) and elsewhere (Zhao et al, 2012;Benskin et al, 2012a;Takemine et al, 2014). It should, however, be noted that the spatial trend of P PFASs was dominated by C4eC9 PFCAs which are primarily associated with FP production.…”

Section: Identifying the Sources Of Pfass To Xiaoqing Rivermentioning

confidence: 51%

Characterizing direct emissions of perfluoroalkyl substances from ongoing fluoropolymer production sources: A spatial trend study of Xiaoqing River, China

Shi

Vestergren

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

100

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Section: Identifying the Sources Of Pfass To Xiaoqing Rivermentioning

confidence: 51%

Characterizing direct emissions of perfluoroalkyl substances from ongoing fluoropolymer production sources: A spatial trend study of Xiaoqing River, China

Shi

Vestergren

et al. 2015

Environmental Pollution

100

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“…Because of their slow reaction process with hydroxyl radicals, atmospheric lifetimes were estimated~10−20 days for FTOH and~20−50 days for perfluoroalkane sulphonamide (FASA) in smog chamber studies (Ellis et al 2004;Martin et al 2006) and atmospheric residence time of more than 50 days for FTOHs in field studies (Piekarz et al 2007), which suggest they are subject to regional and long-range atmospheric transport, e.g., the Arctic and Antarctic (Dreyer et al 2009b;Stock et al 2007;Jahnke et al 2007b). Degradation of these precursors may account for the presence of PFOA and PFOS in remote regions (Andersen et al 2005;D'Eon et al 2006;Ellis et al 2004;Martin et al 2006;Zhao et al 2012). Apart from atmospheric reaction, degradation of FTOHs and FTSEs/FOSAs in the aquatic phase can be an additional source for PFCAs and PFSAs, especially in the remote oceans (Armitage et al 2006(Armitage et al , 2009Cousins et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea

Xie¹,

Zhao

Møller

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Concentrations of neutral poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), perfluoroalkane sufonamidoethanols (FASEs), and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTACs), have been simultaneously determined in surface seawater and the atmosphere of the North Sea. Seawater and air samples were taken aboard the German research vessel Heincke on the cruise 303 from 15 to 24 May 2009. The concentrations of FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs in the dissolved phase were 2.6-74, <0.1-19, <0.1-63, and <1.0-9.0 pg L −1 , respectively. The highest concentrations were determined in the estuary of the Weser and Elbe rivers and a decreasing concentration profile appeared with increasing distance from the coast toward the central part of the North Sea. Gaseous FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs were in the range of 36-126, 3.1-26, 3.7-19, and 0.8-5.6 pg m −3 , which were consistent with the concentrations determined in 2007 in the North Sea, and approximately five times lower than those reported for an urban area of Northern Germany. These results suggested continuous continental emissions of neutral PFASs followed by transport toward the marine environment.Air-seawater gas exchanges of neutral PFASs were estimated using fugacity ratios and the two-film resistance model based upon paired air-seawater concentrations and estimated Henry's law constant values. Volatilization dominated for all neutral PFASs in the North Sea. The air-seawater gas exchange fluxes were in the range of 2.5×10 3 -3.6×10 5 pg m −2 for FTOHs, 1.8 × 10 2 -1.0 × 10 5 pg m −2 for FASAs, 1.1 × 10 2 -3.0 × 10 5 pg m −2 for FASEs and 6.3×10 2 -2.0×10 4 pg m −2 for FTACs, respectively. These results suggest that the air-seawater gas exchange is an important process that intervenes in the transport and fate for neutral PFASs in the marine environment.

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“…) fraction between PFAAs on the Devon Ice Cap 10 and ocean levels in the Canadian Artic Archipelago (Benskin et al, 2012b), Arctic Ocean (Benskin et al, 2012b;Cai et al, 2012a), North Atlantic Ocean (Zhao et al, 2012), and North Pacific Ocean (Cai et al, 2012a) (Calvert et al, 2008):…”

Section: Elucidating the Role Of Marine-driven Transport Of Pfaas To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

Pickard¹,

Criscitiello²,

Spencer³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent, bioaccumulative compounds found ubiquitously within the 10 environment. They can be formed from the atmospheric oxidation of volatile precursor compounds and undergo long-range transport through the atmosphere and ocean to remote locations. Ice caps preserve a temporal record of PFAA deposition making them useful in studying the atmospheric trends in LRT of PFAAs as well as understanding major pollutant sources and production changes over time. A 15 m ice core representing 38 years of deposition was collected from the Devon Ice Cap in Nunavut, providing us with the first multi-decadal temporal ice record in PFAA deposition to the Arctic. 15Ice core samples were concentrated using solid phase extraction and analyzed by liquid and ion chromatography methods. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi

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Distribution and long-range transport of polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic, Atlantic Ocean and Antarctic coast

Cited by 141 publications

References 48 publications

Characterizing direct emissions of perfluoroalkyl substances from ongoing fluoropolymer production sources: A spatial trend study of Xiaoqing River, China

Characterizing direct emissions of perfluoroalkyl substances from ongoing fluoropolymer production sources: A spatial trend study of Xiaoqing River, China

Neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in air and seawater of the North Sea

Continuous Non-Marine Inputs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances to the High Arctic: A Multi-Decadal Temporal Record

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