Distribution and metabolism of trans- and cis-permethrin in lactating Jersey Cows

Gaughan, Loretta C.; Ackerman, Margaret E.; Unai, Tadaaki; Casida, John E.

doi:10.1021/jf60217a003

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In general, these data suggest a greater persistence of cis-permethrin over the trans-isomer. These findings are consistent with those reported for the cow and rat (Gaughan et al 1977(Gaughan et al , 1978a.…”

Section: Distribution and Persistencesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Comparative metabolism studies are limited, but a few important relationships have been dc;:monstrated. Trans-permethrin was degraded more rapidly, particularly via hydrolysis and conjugation, than cis-permethrin, and the rat degraded the chemical more effectively than the cow (Gaughan et al 1977(Gaughan et al , 1978a. Metabolism studies ofthe 4-isomer mixture offenvalerate (Pydrin®) (Lee et al 1985) or the racemic mixture compared with the 2S,rxS isomer (Kaneko et al 1981) indicated no major differences in biotransformation of isomers.…”

Section: Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides

Bradbury¹,

Coats

1989

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

278

142

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Section: Distribution and Persistencesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides

Bradbury¹,

Coats

1989

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

278

142

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“…The three test compounds are metabolized via live r cytochrome P-450 and plasma hydrolyzing enzymes, esterases o r amidases (Gaughau et al, 1978;Casida et al, 1983;Eiermann et al, 1993;Selim et al, 1995). Esterases function to protect the nervous system from xenobiotics by enhanc ing their removal fro m th e body by act in g as scavengers or through hydrolysis of xenobiotics into water-soluble breakdown products (Williams, 1987).…”

Section: Coexposure To Pyridostigmine Bromide Deet and Permethrin 51mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxicity Resulting From Coexposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide, Deet, and Permethrin: Implications of Gulf War Chemical Exposures

Abou‐Donia¹

1996

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

255

109

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Of the three-quarters of a million service personnel involved in the Persian Gulf War, approximately 30,000 have complained of neurological symptoms of unknown etiology. One contributing factor to the emergence of such symptoms may be the simultaneous exposure to multiple agents used to protect the health of service personnel, in particular, the anti-nerve agent pyridostigmine bromide (PB; 3-dimethylaminocarbonyloxy-N-methylpyridinium bromide), the insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide), and the insecticide permethrin (3-(2,2-dichloro-ethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester). This study investigated neurotoxicity produced in hens by individual or simultaneous exposure to these agents (5 d/wk for 2 months to 5 mg/kg/d PB in water, po; 500 mg/kg/d DEET, neat, sc; and 500 mg/kg/d permethrin in corn oil, sc). At these dosages, exposure to single compounds resulted in minimal toxicity. Combinations of two agents produced greater neurotoxicity than that caused by individual agents. Neurotoxicity was further enhanced following concurrent administration of all three agents. We hypothesize that competition for liver and plasma esterases by these compounds leads to their decreased breakdown and increased transport of the parent compound to nervous tissues. Thus, carbamylation of peripheral esterases by PB reduces the hydrolysis of DEET and permethrin and increases their availability to the nervous system. In effect, PB "pumps" more DEET and permethrin into the central nervous system. Consistent with this hypothesis, hens exposed to the combination of the three agents exhibited neuropathological lesions with several characteristics similar to those previously reported in studies of near-lethal doses of DEET and permethrin. If this hypothesis is correct, then blood and liver esterases play an important "buffering" role in protecting against neurotoxicity in the population at large. It also suggests that individuals with low plasma esterase activity may be predisposed to neurologic deficits produced by exposure to certain chemical mixtures.

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“…This concerns abamectin [56,86,88], ivermectin [14,29,59,68,88,96,103,107,112], eprinomectin [109,117], doramectin [32,93,98] and moxidectin [28,58,98,101,109,114,120]. Insecticidal activity in the faeces was noticed with synthetic pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin [10,11], flumethrin [10], cypermethrin [10,11,61], deltamethrin [10,33,106,115], cyhalothrin [10,11], permethrin [33], fenvalerate [91]) and organo-phosphates, e.g. dichlorvos [64].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics and Routes Of Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

2002

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-The overall purpose of this paper was to review the major and most recent literature relating the effects of anthelmintics on dung breeding invertebrates and dung degradation. Faecal residues or metabolites of drugs belonging to the benzimidazole and levamisole/morantel groups are relatively harmless to dung fauna, on the contrary to other anthelmintics such as coumaphos, dichlorvos, phenothiazine, piperazine, synthetic pyrethroids, and most macrocyclic lactones which have been shown to be highly toxic for dung beetles (abamectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin), among which moxidectin was the less toxic for dung beetles. To date, the detrimental impact upon non-target organisms has been considered acceptable in eradicating the parasites because of their economic importance to commercial livestock production. The consequences of routine treatments are discussed with consideration of the long-term consequences for cow pat fauna and sustainable pastureland ecology.anthelmintic / residue / dung beetle / Diptera / sustainable parasite control Résumé -Usage des anthelminthiques en élevage et évaluation des risques pour la faune non cible du pâturage. Cet article de synthèse passe en revue les travaux de la littérature les plus récents concernant les effets secondaires des principaux produits vétérinaires utilisés en routine sur la faune coprophage et sur la dégradation des excréments dans les pâturages. Les résidus (ou les métabolites) des groupes du benzimidazole et levamisole/morantel trouvés dans les excréments s'avèrent relativement peu toxiques pour la faune coprophage. Au contraire les anthelminthiques des groupes suivants s'avèrent hautement toxiques: coumaphos, dichlorvos, phénothiazine, pipérazine, pyréthroïdes de synthèse, et la plupart des lactones macrocycliques (abamectine, ivermectine, éprinomectine, doramectine), la moxidectine étant la moins toxique pour la faune coprophage. Jusqu'à présent, cet impact négatif a été considéré comme acceptable par les éleveurs et firmes pharmaceutiques en regard de l'importance économique du contrôle et/ou l'éradication des parasites. Les conséquences des traitements de routine sont discutées en considérant que l'absence de dégradation des bouses constatée 547

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Distribution and metabolism of trans- and cis-permethrin in lactating Jersey Cows

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides

Comparative Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides

Neurotoxicity Resulting From Coexposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide, Deet, and Permethrin: Implications of Gulf War Chemical Exposures

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

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