Distribution and occurrence frequency of dB/dt spikes during magnetic storms 1980-2019

Schillings, Audrey; Palin, L.; Opgenoorth, H. J.; Hamrin, Maria; Rosenqvist, L.; Gjerloev, J. W.; Juusola, Liisa; Barnes, R. J.

doi:10.1002/essoar.10507354.1

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For each storm, we used all the magnetometer stations available (all latitudes and longitudes combined) around Earth (data set—Schillings et al. [2021]). As we are interested in full global coverage since 1980, we downloaded data in 1‐min resolution with all baselines subtracted (see SuperMAG website for further detail or Gjerloev [2012]).…”

Section: Methods and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Occurrence Frequency of dB/dt Spikes During Magnetic Storms 1980–2020

Schillings

Palin²,

Opgenoorth

et al. 2022

Space Weather

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One of the most prominent (and potentially dangerous) features of space weather are geomagnetically induced currents, commonly known as GICs. The understanding of GICs is a major concern in order to preserve the power and communication systems and other technology on the ground. GICs are currents induced by rapid fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field in any extended conducting technological infrastructure and can lead to malfunction or black outs of high-voltage power transmission systems (

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Section: Methods and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Occurrence Frequency of dB/dt Spikes During Magnetic Storms 1980–2020

Schillings

Palin²,

Opgenoorth

et al. 2022

Space Weather

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“…(2021), and >500 nT/min in Schillings et al. (2021). The direction of these large dB/dt vectors is primarily north‐south in the pre‐midnight sector, whereas it becomes much more scattered and even prefers an east‐west orientation in the morning sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Most of the intervals occurred in the pre‐midnight and midnight sectors. The dusk sector has the least number of events possibly because the occurrence rate of large dB/dt is lower than that in the nighttime sector (McCuen et al., 2021; Schillings et al., 2021; Viljanen & Tanskanen, 2011; Viljanen et al., 2001). Available auroral observations are also fewer because the proximity to the solar terminator means that the auroral observations are more subject to sunlight contamination than those in the nighttime sector.…”

Section: Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is noteworthy to mention that the above climatical morphology may not represent dB/dt activity in individual events. The exact location and time of large dB/dt differ from event to event, and the number of large dB/dt spikes is not necessarily correlated with the intensity of a storm defined by planetary indices such as Dst or AE (Schillings et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

et al. 2022

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Forecasting geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) remains a difficult challenge, and open questions hindering our understanding include when and where GICs become large and what magnetospheric and ionospheric processes are responsible. This paper addresses these questions by determining the auroral drivers of large dB∕dt (>100 nT/min, a proxy for GICs) on the ground during geomagnetic storms. We study auroras because, although the current system driving dB∕dt is at times challenging to reconstruct, the accompanying auroras are routinely measured in high resolution. For various types of auroras, our community has already acquired a deep understanding of the driving mechanisms and spatiotemporal characteristics. Using coordinated observations from THEMIS and Geophysical Institute Magnetometer Array magnetometers and THEMIS all‐sky imagers, we statistically examine large dB∕dt intervals during storms from 2015 to 2016. A variety of auroral drivers have been identified, including poleward expanding auroral bulges, auroral streamers, poleward boundary intensifications, omega bands, pulsating auroras, etc. The onset, spatial variability, and duration of large dB/dt are well explained by those of the auroras. For example, poleward expanding auroral bulges drive large dB/dt that spread progressively poleward, and periodic injections of streamers drive large dB/dt that occur in periodic bursts. By referring to the magnetospheric source of the auroras, the magnetospheric source of large dB/dt can be inferred, whether it be dipolarization of the tail magnetic field, bursty bulk flows, instability, or wave‐particle interaction. Our results suggest that auroras can exert significant leverage on GIC research and forecast.

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Distribution and occurrence frequency of dB/dt spikes during magnetic storms 1980-2019

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Distribution and Occurrence Frequency of dB/dt Spikes During Magnetic Storms 1980–2020

Distribution and Occurrence Frequency of dB/dt Spikes During Magnetic Storms 1980–2020

Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

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