Distribution and Prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wild Predators in Nebraska, Kansas, and Wyoming

Storandt, S. T.; Virchow, D. R.; Dryden, M. W.; Hygnstrom, Scott E.; Kazacos, K. R.

doi:10.2307/3285607

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are numerous definitive hosts, commonly wild predators in the northern hemisphere, occurring in parts of Europe, Asia, Japan, Alaska and North America. Findings on the distribution and prevalence of E. multilocularis in wild predators (red foxes, coyotes and bobcats: Lynx rufus) in Nebraska, Kansas, and Wyoming support previous estimates that the southernmost front of the parasite's range extends along the southern border of Wyoming, eastward through central Nebraska and central Illinois into Indiana and Ohio (Storandt et al 2002). The mean intensity of infection was 282 worms (range: 1-5,150) per animal.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Alveolar Echinococcosissupporting

confidence: 65%

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of zoonotic cestode infections: an update

Raether¹,

Hänel²

2003

Parasitology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews the literature on zoonotic cestode infections with specific reference to the years 1999-2003. The sources and prevalence of various zoonotic tapeworm infections caused by adult and larval stages of the genera Taenia, Echinococcus, Diphyllobothrium, Hymenolepis and Dipylidium continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality, not only in most underdeveloped countries but also in industrialized countries, particularly in rural areas or among immigrant groups from endemic areas. The review gives a detailed report on recent molecular epidemiological studies on the taxonomy and phylogenetic variations in Echinococcus granulosus, immunological tests and imaging techniques used in epidemiological surveys and clinical investigations of important adult and larval tapeworm infections of animals and humans. Larval stages or metacestodes of Taenia solium, Echinococcus spp. and pseudophyllidean tapeworms (Spirometra syn. Diphyllobothrium spp.) may reside in various tissues of their intermediate hosts, including humans. In particular, Cysticercus cellulosae (T. solium) and the larvae of E. granulosus, and E. multilocularis, which are predominantly located in the liver, lungs and central nervous system forming various types of cysts, lead to a complex of systemic diseases such as cysticercosis, cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. Relatively rare clinical manifestations are seen in the muscles, subcutaneous tissue, spleen, kidneys, bones and body cavities.

show abstract

Section: Prevalence Of Alveolar Echinococcosissupporting

confidence: 65%

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of zoonotic cestode infections: an update

Raether¹,

Hänel²

2003

Parasitology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this central region, both the geographical range and the prevalence levels in animal hosts are increasing. While a survey of red foxes in South Dakota during the late 1960s found one infected fox out of 222, prevalence in the period 1987-1991 had increased to 74.5% of 137 red foxes; in addition, four out of nine coyotes were infected [7,38,39]. It is believed that the parasite will spread further, since suitable conditions for E. multilocularis transmission are widespread in North America.…”

Section: North Americamentioning

confidence: 98%

Epidemiology of echinococcosis

Römig

2003

Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New data demonstrate that ' E. granulosus', the causative agent of CE, is an assembly of several, rather diverse, species and genotypes that show fundamental differences, not only in their epidemiology, but also in their pathogenicity to humans. This fact may explain the unequal distribution of high-endemicity areas for human CE on regional scales, which previously, has been attributed to differences in human behaviour. In addition, new data suggest that E. multilocularis is expanding its geographical range in the northern hemisphere, and its transmission is intensifying, e.g. in central Europe. Moreover, the lifecycle (involving wild foxes and rodents) is rapidly becoming 'urbanised' due to the recent establishment of fox populations in cities and towns. This shift from sylvatic to synanthropic occurrence is likely to result in an increased pressure on the human population of infection from AE.

show abstract

“…Also in North America, both range and prevalence rates of E. multilocularis appear to increase for reasons which are not well understood. There, the parasite (as in Japan) may be a recent invader from the arctic and subarctic regions, and the colonisation of the new suitable areas may still be in progress (Rausch, 1995 ;Hildreth et al 2000 ;Storandt & Kazacos, 1993 ;Storandt et al 2002).…”

Section: O M P a R I S O N W I T H O T H E R P A R T S O F T H E W mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on control options forEchinococcus multiloculariswith particular reference to Japan

Itō

Römig²,

Takahashi

2003

Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following a brief introduction of recent advances in molecular and immunological technology for detection of persons and animals infected withEchinococcus multilocularisand an overview of the current situation of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in Japan, perspectives on control options are discussed with reference to different epidemiological situations. AE is considered the most serious parasitic zoonosis in temperate and arctic regions of the northern hemisphere. The number of human cases differs drastically among regions. While high numbers of patients are apparently associated with highE. multilocularisprevalence in domestic dogs, e.g. in parts of Alaska and western China, the number of cases is moderate or low in areas where the parasite is mainly transmitted by wild canid species (e.g. in central Europe or temperate North America). However, the severity of the disease, the absence of curative treatment for most cases, the high cost of long-term chemotherapy and the anxiety caused for the population in highly endemic areas call for the development of preventive strategies even in regions where human AE is rare. Furthermore, in view of (1) drastically increasing numbers and infection rates of foxes involved in transmission ofE. multilocularis, and (2) increasingly close contact between humans and foxes e.g. in Europe and Japan, there is considerable concern that AE incidences may in future increase in these regions. Control options depend on a variety of factors including the species of canid principally responsible for transmission and the socio-economic situation in the region. Where domestic dogs (stray or owned) are the principal hosts forE. multilocularis, control options can include those applicable toE. granulosus, i.e. reduction of the number of stray dogs, registration and regular preventive chemotherapy of owned dogs, and information campaigns for the population promoting low-risk behaviour for man and dogs. WhereE. multilocularisis mainly transmitted by wild canids, the situation is far more difficult with preventive strategies still being in trial stage. Integrated control measures could include prevention information campaigns, restricting access of pet animals (dogs and cats) to rodents, chemotherapy of foxes on local or regional scales, and strategies to minimize contacts between people and foxes.

show abstract

Distribution and Prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wild Predators in Nebraska, Kansas, and Wyoming

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of zoonotic cestode infections: an update

Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of zoonotic cestode infections: an update

Epidemiology of echinococcosis

Perspective on control options forEchinococcus multiloculariswith particular reference to Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About