Distribution and Propagation of Hepatitis E Virus in Experimentally Infected Swine

Hagiwara, Kaoru; Iwabu, Yukie; Kanai, Yuta; Miyasho, Taku; Daidoji, Tomo; Yunoki, Mikihiro; Tsujikawa, Masato; Ohkubo, Yuuji; Yasue, Hiroshi; Ikuta, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.2174/1874318807001010001

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…It has been observed that swine HEV can be readily detected in sera and feces from pigs since 1 week after experimental injection of HEV [Meng et al, 1998;Halbur et al, 2001]. Viremia was shown to occur transiently, whereas virus particles were shed in feces of infected pigs for long duration at high viral load [Hagiwara et al, 2007]. In fact, when individual sera and feces of ten 2-month-old pigs were tested for HEV RNA, viremia was found in three pigs, whereas viral genome in feces was detected in seven samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-swine IgG (Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD) at 1:10,000 dilution was added to detect swine-specific immunoglobulin. Pooled sera from experimentally infected pigs, a gift from Dr. Katsuro Hagiwara (Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido, Japan) [Hagiwara et al, 2007], were used as a positive control for anti-HEV antibodies. Antibody titers were defined as Index-values calculated from OD values with following formula, Index-value ¼ (OD value of sample/ OD value of positive control) Â 100.…”

Section: Detection Of Anti-hev Igg Antibody By Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full‐length sequence of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus derived from a pig in Thailand

Siripanyaphinyo

Laohasinnarong

Siripanee

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pigs was investigated in two principal swine farming areas in Thailand. Anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA in sera were examined in 258 pigs reared on five commercial farms from age 1 to 6.5 months and sows. Overall, 167 of 258 (64.7%) pigs were positive for anti-HEV IgG, while 20 of 258 (7.75%) had detectable HEV RNA. Sequence analysis of 20 HEV isolates obtained from viremic pigs revealed that they were 92.3-100% identical to each other and had 82.2-88.2% nucleotide similarity to other reported genotype 3 isolates in 415 nucleotide sequences within ORF2 region. Further characterization by sequencing the complete genome of the Thai swine HEV isolate (named Thai-swHEV07) and phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai-swHEV07 segregated into a cluster consisting of swine isolates from Japan, Mongolia, and Kyrgyzstan within the HEV genotype 3. The Thai-swHEV07 had a genomic length of 7,229 nt excluding the polyadenylated region at 3' terminus of the genome. Comparison of Thai-swHEV07 and 27 reported strains of genotype 3 revealed 80.4-85.9% nucleotide identity, with the highest identity of 85.9% to the novel swHEV strain from Mongolia. These findings suggest that genotype 3 HEV isolates are markedly heterogeneous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Of Anti-hev Igg Antibody By Elisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐length sequence of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus derived from a pig in Thailand

Siripanyaphinyo

Laohasinnarong

Siripanee

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…HEV was found present in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, caecum at copy numbers lower than 1000 RNA copies/g by PCR while blood titers were not determined [ 51 ]. Recently, a mean virus concentration of 3.3 × 10 3 genome copies/g was found in the intestine of 69 wild boar in central Italy [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Viral Loads and Inactivation Kinetics of Livestock Viruses Relevant for Natural Casing Production: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Animal intestines are the source of edible sausage casings, which are traded worldwide and may come from areas where notifiable infectious animal diseases are prevalent. To estimate the risks of virus contamination, knowledge about the quantity of virus and decimal reduction values of the standard preservation method by salting is of great importance. A literature search, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was performed in search engine CAB Abstracts to determine the viral load of 14 relevant animal viruses in natural casings or intestines. Only a very limited number of scientific publications per virus were found and viral loads in the intestines varied from high for ASFV (five publications), BVDV (3), CSFV (6), PPRV (3), RPV(2) and TGEV (3) to moderate for PEDV (2) and SVDV (3), low for HEV (2) and FMDV (5), very low for VESV (1) and negative for PrV (2) and VSV (1). PRRSV was found in intestines, however, viral titers were not published. Three viruses (BVDV, CSFV and PPRV) with high viral loads were selected to search for their inactivation kinetics. For casings, no inactivation data were found, however, thermal inactivation data of these viruses were available, but differed in quantity, quality and matrices. In conclusion, important data gaps still exist when it comes to the quantitative inactivation of viruses in sausage casings or livestock intestines.

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“…Next, the homogenized samples were centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 5 min, and the supernatants were collected in sterile tubes. RNA from pig livers, experimentally infected with HEV, was used as a positive control, and non-HEV-infected healthy pigs were used as a negative control [22]. Viral RNA was extracted from fecal supernatants using a QIAamp Viral RNA extraction kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) according to the kit's protocol, and 50 mg from each liver tissue was lysed with 1 mL Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Detection Of Hev Rna By Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Spreads from Pigs and Sheep in Mongolia

Batmagnai

Boldbaatar

Sodbayasgalan

et al. 2023

Animals

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Hepatitis E is a viral infectious disease in pigs, wild boars, cows, deer, rabbits, camels, and humans as hosts caused by Paslahepevirus. Recently, it has been detected in a wide variety of animals including domestic small ruminants. Mongolia is a land of nomadic people living with livestock such as sheep, goats, and cattle. Due to how Mongolian lifestyles have changed, pork has become popular and swine diseases have emerged. Among them, Hepatitis E disease has become a zoonotic infectious disease that needs to be addressed. The HEV problem in pigs is that infected pigs excrete the virus without showing clinical symptoms and it spreads into the environment. We attempted to detect HEV RNA in sheep which had been raised in Mongolia for a long time, and those animals living together with pigs in the same region currently. We also conducted a longitudinal analysis of HEV infection in pigs in the same area and found that they were infected with HEV of the same genotype and cluster. In this study, we examined 400 feces and 120 livers (pigs and sheep) by RT-PCR in Töv Province, Mongolia. HEV detection in fecal samples was 2% (4/200) in sheep and 15% (30/200) in pigs. The results of ORF2 sequence analysis of the HEV RT-PCR-positive pigs and sheep confirmed genotype 4 in both animals. The results suggest that HEV infection is widespread in both pigs and sheep and that urgent measures to prevent infection are needed. This case study points to the changing nature of infectious diseases associated with livestock farming. It will be necessary to reconsider livestock husbandry and public health issues based on these cases.

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Distribution and Propagation of Hepatitis E Virus in Experimentally Infected Swine

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Full‐length sequence of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus derived from a pig in Thailand

Full‐length sequence of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus derived from a pig in Thailand

Intestinal Viral Loads and Inactivation Kinetics of Livestock Viruses Relevant for Natural Casing Production: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Spreads from Pigs and Sheep in Mongolia

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