Distribution and regulation of calmodulin mRNAs in rat brain

Gannon, Maureen N.; McEwen, Bruce S.

doi:10.1016/0169-328x(94)90046-9

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first copy number determination for the multiple CaM mRNA species. In general, these results are in agreement with the findings of other authors on rodent brains (Matsuoka et al 1992;Gannon and McEwen 1994;Barrón et al 1995;Sola et al 1996). Because all of these studies are qualitative, their comparison with our results is quite cumbersome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

A New Quantitative Film Autoradiographic Method of Quantifying mRNA Transcripts for In Situ Hybridization

Palfi

Hatvani

Gulya

1998

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SUMMARYWe developed and tested a novel quantitative method for the quantification of film autoradiographs, involving a mathematical model and a dot-blot-based membrane standard scale. The exponential model introduced here, ROD ϭ p 1 (1 Ϫ exp[p 2 x]), appropriately (r 2 Ͼ0.999), describes the relation between relative optical density (ROD) and radioactivity (x) in the range between 0 and 240 gray scale values (using a 256-gray scale level digitizer). By means of this model, standard curves with distinct quenching properties can be exactly interconverted, permitting the tissue-equivalent calibration of different standard scales. The membrane standard scale employed here has several advantages, including the flexible radioactivity range, the facile and rapid preparation technique, and the compact size. The feasibility of the quantification procedure is exemplified by the comparative quantification of multiple calmodulin mRNAs in the rat brain by in situ hybridization with [ 35 S]-cRNA probes. The procedure for quantification provides a significant improvement in that the direct and exact comparison of radiolabeled species, even from different experiments, can be reliably performed. Further, the procedure can be adapted to the quantification of autoradiographs produced by other methods. (J Histochem Cytochem 46:1141-1149, 1998)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

A New Quantitative Film Autoradiographic Method of Quantifying mRNA Transcripts for In Situ Hybridization

Palfi

Hatvani

Gulya

1998

J Histochem Cytochem.

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“…Some of these additional effects are reproducible and have been reported in an earlier study (Noel et al 1993). 1991). Reserpine and adrenalectomy have b e e n reported to alter CaM mRNA levels in brain stem (Ni and Brown 1993) and pituitary (Gannon and McEwen 1994), respectively, whereas glucocorticoid suppression of ACTH release by AtT20 cells is associated with an increase in CaM mRNA (Shipston and Antoni 1992). In light of the rarity of cases in w h i c h CaM levels are altered in differentiated cells, our finding that 5-HT or training increased CaM mRNA suggests that this protein might have a key role, b e y o n d its usual importance in cell function, in the sensory neurons.…”

Section: Cammentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of specific mRNAs affected by treatments producing long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

Zwartjes

West

Hattar³

et al. 1998

Learn. Mem.

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Neural correlates of long-term sensitization of defensive withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia occur in sensory neurons in the pleural ganglia and can be mimicked by exposure of these neurons to serotonin (5-HT). Studies using inhibitors indicate that transcription is necessary for production of long-term facilitation by 5-HT. Several mRNAs that change in response to 5-HT have been identified, but the molecular events responsible for long-term facilitation have not yet been fully described. To detect additional changes in mRNAs, we investigated the effects of 5-HT (1.5 hr) on levels of mRNA in pleural-pedal ganglia using in vitro translation. Four mRNAs were affected by 5-HT, three of which were identified as calmodulin (CaM), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), and a novel gene product (protein 3). Using RNase protection assays, we found that 5-HT increased all three mRNAs in the pleural sensory neurons. CaM and protein 3 mRNAs were also increased in the sensory neurons 4Corresponding author.by sensitization training. Furthermore, stimulation of peripheral nerves of pleural-pedal ganglia, an in vitro analog of sensitization training, increased the incorporation of labeled amino acids into CaM, PGK, and protein 3. These results indicate that increases in CaM, PGK, and protein 3 are part of the early response of sensory neurons to stimuli that produce long-term facilitation, and that CaM and protein 3 could have a role in the generation of long-term sensitization.

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“…The expression of two major transcripts of about 1.7 kb and 4.0 kb has also been reported for the rat CALMl gene Ni et al, 1992;Gannon and McEwen, 1994) and the large transcript has been shown to arise from alternative polyadenylation upon read-through of the last exon of the gene Ni et al, 1992). The 4.2-kb mRNA detected by our probe in human tissues is therefore likely to correspond to the 4-kb rat CALMI transcript.…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of the Hcalm1 Genementioning

confidence: 67%

“…Differential expression of total rat CALMl mRNA as well as of its two size classes has been observed Slaughter and Means, 1989;Bai and Weiss, 1991 ;Ni et al, 1992;Colomer et al, 1993;Gannon and McEwen, 1994). Judging from Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although evidence has been presented suggesting that all CALM genes may be coexpressed in the same tissue, several reports also indicate the possibility of developmental-stage and tissue-specific regulation of individual CALM genes (MacManus et al, 1989;Slaughter and Means, 1989;Bai and Weiss, 1991;Weinman et al, 1991;Colomer et al, 1993;Gannon and McEwen, 1994). The rat CALM2 gene promoter was recently shown to confer neuronal-cell-specific expression to the P-galactosidase reporter gene in transgenic mice (Matsuo et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structure of the Human CALM1 Calmodulin Gene and Identification of two CALM1 ‐Related Pseudogenes CALM1P1 and CALM1P2

Rhyner

Ottiger

Wicki

et al. 1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The human CALM1 calmodulin gene has been isolated and characterized. The gene contains six exons spread over about 10 kb of genomic DNA. The exon‐intron structure is identical to that of the human CALM3 and of the rat CALM1 and CALM3 genes. A cluster of transcription‐start sites was identified 200 bp upstream of the ATG translation‐start codon, and several putative regulatory elements were found in the 5′ flanking region as well as in intron 1. Sequence comparison with the rat CALM1 gene revealed significant similarities in the promoter regions of the two genes and an even more striking degree of identity (70%) in the available intron 1 sequences. A short CAG trinucleotide repeat region was identified in the 5′ untranslated region of the human CALM1 gene; this sequence is not conserved in the rat counterpart. Expression of the CALM1 gene was detected in all human tissues tested, although at varying levels. A 1.7‐kb mRNA was uniformly present at comparable levels, whereas a 4.2‐kb mRNA species was particularly abundant in brain and skeletal muscle. Clones for two different CALM1 ‐related pseudogenes CALM1P1 and CALM1P2 were also isolated and characterized. Both pseudogenes are intronless and non‐functional as judged from the presence of mutations abolishing the open reading frame. Genomic Southern analysis indicates that the human CALM1 gene/pseudogene subfamily comprises at least three but probably no more than four members. The entire family consists of three bona fide CALM genes, at least one expressed calmodulin‐like CALML gene as well as at least five pseudogenes.

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Distribution and regulation of calmodulin mRNAs in rat brain

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

A New Quantitative Film Autoradiographic Method of Quantifying mRNA Transcripts for In Situ Hybridization

A New Quantitative Film Autoradiographic Method of Quantifying mRNA Transcripts for In Situ Hybridization

Identification of specific mRNAs affected by treatments producing long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

Structure of the Human CALM1 Calmodulin Gene and Identification of two CALM1 ‐Related Pseudogenes CALM1P1 and CALM1P2

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