Distribution and Source of Chemical Elements in Size-Resolved Particles in Zhengzhou, China: Effects of Regional Transport

Wang, Shenbo; Yan, Qishe; Yu, Fei; Wang, Qun; Yang, Liu-Ming; Zhang, Ruiqin; Yin, Shasha

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2017.04.0126

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Ca can be used as a tracer element for dust. Shanghai is located on the east coast of China, and was rarely subjected to long-distance migration of crustal materials from the wind and dust of northwest China and Desert ( Chang et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2017 , 2018 ). So, Ca may have originated from road dust or urban construction sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the responses of highly time-resolved PM2.5 related elements to extreme emission reductions

Cheng

Chang

Kuang

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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China's unprecedented lockdown to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in early 2020, provided a tragic natural experiment to investigate the responses of atmospheric pollution to emission reduction at regional scale. Primarily driven by primary emissions, particulate trace elements is vitally important due to their disproportionally adverse impacts on human health and ecosystem. Here 14 trace elements in PM 2.5 were selected for continuous measurement hourly in urban representative site of Shanghai, for three different phases: pre-control period (1–23 January 2020), control period (24 January-10 February 2020; overlapped with Chinese Lunar New Year holiday) and post control period (11–26 February 2020) the city's lockdown measures. The results show that all meteorological parameters (including temperature, RH, mixing layer height et al.) were generally consistent among different periods. Throughout the study period, the concentrations of most species displayed a “V-shaped” trend, suggesting significant effects by the restriction measures imposed during the lockdown period. While this is not the case for species like K, Cu and Ba, indicating their unusual origins. As a case study, the geographical origins of Cu were explored. Seven major sources, i.e., Vehicle-related emission (including road dust; indicative of Ca, Fe, Ba, Mn, Zn, Cu; accounting for 30.1%), shipping (Ni; 5.0%), coal combustion (As, Pb; 4.2%), Se and Cr industry (24.9%), nonferrous metal smelting (Au, Hg; 7.5%) and fireworks burning (K, Cu, Ba; 28.3%) were successfully pinpointed based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. Our source apportionment results also highlight fireworks burning was one of the dominant source of trace elements during the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday. It is worth noting that 56% of the total mass vehicular emissions are affiliated with non-exhaust sources (tire wear, brake wear, and road surface abrasion).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the responses of highly time-resolved PM2.5 related elements to extreme emission reductions

Cheng

Chang

Kuang

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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“…A total of 21 metallic compounds and elements (Na, Ba, Mg, Sb, Al, Sr, Si, K, Se, Ca, Ti, Ga, V, Ni, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Fe, Mn, and Cr) in the filters were measured by using an S8 TIGER wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Bruker, Germany), which usage has been approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA; Chow and Watson, 1994). Additional information can be found in Wang et al (2018).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics, Sources Apportionment, and Risk Assessment of PM2.5 in Different Functional Areas of an Emerging Megacity in China

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The mass concentration, chemical composition, and source apportionment of PM 2.5 in the urban, industrial, scenic, traffic, and rural sites of Zhengzhou were studied from February to December of 2016. The average annual concentration of PM 2.5 in these five sites was 119 µg m -3 , which was lower than the annual average between 2013 and 2015. However, PM 2.5 pollution remains serious in Zhengzhou. PM 2.5 , elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs)-with the exception of F -, Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ -showed a relatively homogeneous spatial distribution in this area. Among these pollutants, WSIIs, carbonaceous species (EC and OC), and elements accounted for 47.7%, 14.4%, and 9.6% of PM 2.5 concentration in Zhengzhou, respectively. The annual OC/EC ratio in Zhengzhou was 8.3, which indicates the possible presence of a secondary organic carbon. Six main sources of PM 2.5 in Zhengzhou, namely, soil dust (15.1%), coal combustion (17.6%), secondary aerosol (35.1%), vehicle traffic (17.3%), industry (7.3%), and biomass burning (7.7%), were identified by using a positive matrix factorization model. The results of the back trajectory and potential source contribution function analysis revealed that the air mass from regions of the Shandong and Hubei Provinces aggravated the pollution in Zhengzhou, and Puyang, Hebi, Xinxiang, and Kaifeng were the main potential sources of PM 2.5 , respectively. The carcinogenic risks of As to children through the ingestion pathway exceeded the acceptable level. The findings of this work can provide an in-depth understanding of the PM 2.5 pollution in Zhengzhou.

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“…reported that southern cities of Henan Province (e.g., Nanyang, Shangqiu, Zhoukou, and Zhumadian) had relatively higher ammonia emissions than the cities involved in this study. Moreover, the northern air masses from the Jing-Jin-Ji regions were easily enriched with sulfate (Wang et al, 2019b;Wang et al, 2018c). The concentrations of chemical composition under stagnant weather conditions in Case 2 clearly increased with average NH4 + , SO4 2− , and NO3 − concentrations that ranged from 12.8 ± 4.5 μg/m 3 (U-ZZ) to 45.5 ± 13.6 μg/m 3 (R-AY ), 30.9 ± 13.4 μg/m 3 (R-XX) to 44.1 ± 17.5 μg/m 3 (R-AY ), and 56.6 ± 19 μg/m 3 (U-AY) to 74.5 ± 20.7 μg/m 3 (R-AY ).…”

Section: Haze Episodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ammonia on fine-particle pH in agricultural regions of China: Comparison between urban and rural sites

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Particle acidity is a fundamental property that affects atmospheric particulate chemistry. Synchronous online monitoring was performed in two urban sites (e.g., Zhengzhou (U-ZZ) and Anyang (U-AY)) and three rural sites (e.g., Anyang (R-AY), Xinxiang (R-XX), and Puyang (R-PY)) in Henan Province during a haze episode to investigate the pH value and its driving factors in the agricultural regions of China. The pH values of particles calculated by ISORROPIA-II model at rural sites were slightly higher than those urban sites, with the median values in the order of 5.2 (4.8&#8211;6.9, R-PY) > 5.1 (4.7&#8211;6.5, R-AY) > 4.9 (4.1&#8211;6.8, R-XX) > 4.8 (3.9&#8211;5.9, U-AY) > 4.5 (3.8&#8211;5.2, U-ZZ). Sensitivity tests showed that excess ammonia mainly affected the pH value of PM2.5. Moreover, low ammonia determined the high sensitivities of particle pH to sulfate and nitrate at urban sites. Elevated sulfate and nitrate in aerosol caused high pH sensitivity to ammonia. Regional transport may enhance the particle pH value in urban aerosols given the high pH of particles and high ammonia levels in rural and agricultural regions. These results suggest that ammonia is urgently needed to be involved in the regional strategy for the improvement of air quality in China.

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Distribution and Source of Chemical Elements in Size-Resolved Particles in Zhengzhou, China: Effects of Regional Transport

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Elucidating the responses of highly time-resolved PM2.5 related elements to extreme emission reductions

Elucidating the responses of highly time-resolved PM2.5 related elements to extreme emission reductions

Chemical Characteristics, Sources Apportionment, and Risk Assessment of PM2.5 in Different Functional Areas of an Emerging Megacity in China

Role of ammonia on fine-particle pH in agricultural regions of China: Comparison between urban and rural sites

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