Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China

Li, Gongchen; Xia, Xinghui; Zhang, Yang; Wang, Ran; Voulvoulis, Nikolaos

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.047

Cited by 268 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These pollutants clearly confirmed the results of chromosome-damaging effects induced by these samples. Moreover, PAHs such as fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene and acenaphthene, pesticides such as o-phenylphenol, isoprothiolane and atrazine, phenol and anthraquinone were found to be ubiquitous chromosomedamaging agents among the selected samples, in accordance with other studies which demonstrated that PAHs or pesticides were widespread in the Yellow River [35], the Pearl River delta [36], and in the Yangtze River [37] in China. Although little information is currently available on the detailed mode of action for specific chromosome-damaging agents, the induction of chromosomedamaging effect was caused by a clastogenic mode of action for S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, and an aneugenic mode of action for S10, providing valuable information to establish a further causal relationship.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessing of genotoxicity of 16 centralized source-waters in China by means of the SOS/umu assay and the micronucleus test: Initial identification of the potential genotoxicants by use of a GC/MS method and the QSAR Toolbox 3.0

Yan

Jiang²,

Na³

et al. 2014

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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Only few studies were conducted to assess genotoxicity of centralized source waters in China and almost none of them dealt with the causal relationship between the genotoxic effect and genotoxicants. In this work, 16 centralized source waters in China were sampled from five river systems and genotoxicity of their organic extracts was assessed by use of the SOS/umu test for DNA-damaging effect and the miniaturized flow cytometry-based micronucleus (MN) test for chromosome-damaging effect. In addition, initial identification of potential genotoxicants for the six samples from the Yangtze River was done with a GC/MS method and the QSAR toolbox 3.0. The results demonstrate that eight samples showed both indirect and direct DNA-damaging effects, another four samples showed only indirect DNA-damaging effects, while chromosome-damaging effects were found for 14 out of the 16 samples, in which aneugenic and clastogenic modes of action were found for 4 and 10 samples, respectively. Both direct/indirect DNAdamaging effects and chromosome-damaging effects were induced by the six Yangtze River samples, and the existing different types of genotoxicant confirmed the results. Furthermore, o-phenylphenol was initially identified as the major cause for the DNA-damaging effects while PAHs, pesticides, phenol and anthraquinone were identified as ubiquitous chromosome-damaging agents among these samples. In conclusion, a combination of the SOS/umu test and the miniaturized flow cytometry-based MN test to detect both DNA-damaging and chromosome-damaging effects could be used as a comprehensive genotoxicity assessment tool for the evaluation and classification of genotoxicity of complex mixtures, and potential genotoxicants can be initially identified with additional information from chemical analysis and the QSAR toolbox.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Assessing of genotoxicity of 16 centralized source-waters in China by means of the SOS/umu assay and the micronucleus test: Initial identification of the potential genotoxicants by use of a GC/MS method and the QSAR Toolbox 3.0

Yan

Jiang²,

Na³

et al. 2014

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…The most polluted sites were found in the middle and lower reaches of the region; the main reason might be that the large city of Baoding was located in the middle reach and the municipality Tianjin was located in the lower reach. This finding was similar to the result derived from the Yellow River [23]. For the Ziya River, the highest concentration of PAHs was found at S12 (11296.66 ng/g), which was located in Aixinzhuang, which is a rural area.…”

Section: Distributionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the southern part of the Haihe River system in China

Liu

Chen

et al. 2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The southern part of the Haihe River system, the largest river system in the Haihe River Basin, is important to maintain a healthy ecosystem and safe drinking water as well as for the economic development of China. To assess the effect of rapid industrialization and urbanization on the pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, the PAH pollution characteristics of the southern part of the Haihe River system was investigated. Sixteen PAHs in surface sediments samples collected from 24 sites covering the southern part of the Haihe River system from the upstream to the estuaries were detected and analyzed. The total PAH concentration ranged from 258.77 to 11296.66 ng/g dry weight. On average, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-and 6-ring PAHs comprised 25.32%, 27.22%, 22.62%, 14.89% and 9.96% of the total PAHs, respectively. Sites with high concentrations were concentrated in the Fuhe River, Fuyang River and Wei River, which are located near cities. A risk quotient (RQ) was used to assess the ecological risk of PAHs. The mean values of the RQ (MPCs) of individual PAHs were lower than 1.00, except for those of naphthalene (2.00) and pyrene (1.67). The RQ PAHs calculated for the samples indicated that the Xidayang reservoir and the estuary of the Ziya River were determined to be at a low risk level, while Baoding City, Handan City and Aixinzhuang were determined to be at a high risk level.polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, surface sediments, the southern part of the Haihe River system, distribution, composition profile, ecological risk assessment Citation:Liu F, Liu J L, Chen Q Y, et al. Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the southern part of the Haihe

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“…In this study, direct effects of DNA damage were detected in seven river water samples, which indicated that these seven rivers might contain pollutants that induced DNA damage without metabolic activation. Recently, pollutants that directly damage DNA, such as ciprofloxacin and flumequine, were found to be ubiquitous among rivers in China (Bu et al, 2013;Li et al, 2006). Ma et al (2012) investigated potential genotoxins in the waters of the Jialu River in China using the SOS/umu assay and analytical measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of genotoxic effects of surface waters using a battery of bioassays indicating different mode of action

Han

Oda

et al. 2016

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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a b s t r a c tWith the burgeoning contamination of surface waters threatening human health, the genotoxic effects of surface waters have received much attention. Because mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds in water cause tumors by different mechanisms, a battery of bioassays that each indicate a different mode of action (MOA) is required to evaluate the genotoxic effects of contaminants in water samples. In this study, 15 water samples from two source water reservoirs and surrounding rivers in Shijiazhuang city of China were evaluated for genotoxic effects. Target chemical analyses of 14 genotoxic pollutants were performed according to the Environmental quality standards for surface water of China. Then, the in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, based on a high-content screening technique, was used to detect the effect of chromosome damage. The SOS/umu test using strain TA1535/pSK1002 was used to detect effects on SOS repair of gene expression. Additionally, two other strains, NM2009 and NM3009, which are highly sensitive to aromatic amines and nitroarenes, respectively, were used in the SOS/umu test to avoid false negative results. In the water samples, only two of the genotoxic chemicals listed in the water standards were detected in a few samples, with concentrations that were below water quality standards. However, positive results for the CBMN assay were observed in two river samples, and positive results for the induction of umuC gene expression in TA1535/pSK1002 were observed in seven river samples. Moreover, positive results were observed for NM2009 with S9 and NM3009 without S9 in some samples that had negative results using the strain TA1535/pSK1002. Based on the results with NM2009 and NM3009, some unknown or undetected aromatic amines and nitroarenes were likely in the source water reservoirs and the surrounding rivers. Furthermore, these compounds were most likely the causative pollutants for the genotoxic effect of these water samples. Therefore, to identify causative pollutants with harmful biological effects, chemical analyses for the pollutants listed in water quality standards is not sufficient, and single-endpoint bioassays may underestimate adverse effects. Thus, a battery of bioassays based on different MOAs is required for the comprehensive detection of harmful biological effects. In conclusion, for genotoxicity screening of surface waters, the SOS/umu test system by using different strains combined with the CBMN assay was a useful approach.

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Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China

Cited by 268 publications

References 25 publications

Assessing of genotoxicity of 16 centralized source-waters in China by means of the SOS/umu assay and the micronucleus test: Initial identification of the potential genotoxicants by use of a GC/MS method and the QSAR Toolbox 3.0

Assessing of genotoxicity of 16 centralized source-waters in China by means of the SOS/umu assay and the micronucleus test: Initial identification of the potential genotoxicants by use of a GC/MS method and the QSAR Toolbox 3.0

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the southern part of the Haihe River system in China

Evaluation of genotoxic effects of surface waters using a battery of bioassays indicating different mode of action

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