Distribution, Assessment, and Source of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Qinjiang River, China

Zhang, Shuncun; Chen, Bin; Du, Junru; Wang, Tao; Shi, Haixin; Wang, Rui

doi:10.20944/preprints202207.0092.v1

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…Secondly, four statistical methods including standard deviation, 2δ Iterative analysis, Grubbs test, and element content boxplot, which have been widely applied in BV determination were also tested in this study. The data used in this method were quoted from Chen et al [55] (2020), Yao et al [30] (2022), and the mean value of surface sediments (0-10 cm) in this study. Details of the methods were presented in the Supplementary Materials.…”

Section: Comparison Of Bv Determined By Different Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Method of Background Value Determination for Sb and Cd in Freshwater Sediment—Insights from Controlling Factors on Spatial Variability

Mao

Wang

Kang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Variability in the distribution of natural total Sb and Cd in freshwater sediments leads to difficulties in background value (BV) determination. This study aimed to establish a method to determine BV more accurately by investigating the vertical distribution of Sb and Cd in sediment cores collected from a typical river in alluvial plain in China and revealed the factors that control the variation of Sb and Cd BV, which has not been studied in alluvial freshwater sediment. The results suggested that uncontaminated samples for BV calculation should be determined by statistical analysis as human and natural disturbance led to high variation in contamination depth, from <5 cm to >55 cm. The sequential chemical extraction method showed a considerable amount of non-residual fractions of Sb and Cd, which accounted for 48% and 43% of the total, respectively. Acid extractable Cd (16%) was associated to the limestone geology in the area. Fine particles which governed by sedimentary environment contained more natural Sb and Cd, as strong positive correlation was found between clay content and Sb concentration (r = 0.89, p < 0.01), as well as Cd concentration (r = 0.54, p < 0.01). Based on these findings, a method combined with standard deviation and geochemical method was established to calculate the BV of Sb and Cd, and counter maps were made to cover the variation of BV in the Taipu river sediment. The pollution level has been evaluated by the geoaccumulation index more accurately.

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Section: Comparison Of Bv Determined By Different Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Method of Background Value Determination for Sb and Cd in Freshwater Sediment—Insights from Controlling Factors on Spatial Variability

Mao

Wang

Kang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Land-Use–Land Cover Changes in the Urban River’s Buffer Zone and Variability of Discharge, Water, and Sediment Quality—A Case of Urban Catchment of the Ngerengere River in Tanzania

Mbonaga,

Hamad,

Mkoma

2024

Hydrology

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The physical integrity of the Ngerengere River and its three tributaries drains within Morogoro Municipality were evaluated by assessing the variations in land-use–land cover (LULC) in the river’s buffer zone, the discharge, and the contamination of river water and sediment from nutrients and heavy metals. Integrated geospatial techniques were used to classify the LULC in the river’s buffer zone. In contrast, the velocity area method and monitoring data from the Wami-Ruvu Basin were used for the discharge measurements. Furthermore, atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used during the laboratory analysis to determine the level of nutrients and heavy metals in the water and river sediment across the 13 sampling locations. The LULC assessment in the river’s buffer during the sampling year of 2023 showed that bare land and built-up areas dominate the river’s buffer, with a coverage of 28% and 38% of the area distribution. The higher discharge across the sampling stations was in the upstream reaches at 3.73 m3/s and 2.36 m3/s at the confluences. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in the water for the dry and wet seasons were 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.25 ± 0.01, 0.03 ± 0.02, 0.73 ± 0.04, 4.07 ± 0.08, and 3.07 ± 0.04 mg/L, respectively, for Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni. The order of magnitude of the heavy metal concentration in the sediments was Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Cd > Pb, while the highest NO2−, NO3−, NH3, and PO43− in the water and sediment were 2.05 ± 0.01, 0.394 ± 0.527 0.66 ± 0.05, and 0.63 ± 0.01 mg/L, and 2.64 ± 0.03, 0.63 ± 0.01, 2.36 ± 0.01, and 48.16 ± 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, across all sampling seasons. This study highlights the significant impact of urbanization on river integrity, revealing elevated levels of heavy metal contamination in both water and sediment, the variability of discharge, and alterations in the LULC in the rivers’ buffer. This study recommends the continuous monitoring of the river water quality and quantity of the urban rivers, and the overall land-use plans for conserving river ecosystems.

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Spatial Pattern, Sources Identification, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Typical Soda Soil from Bayannur, Northwestern China

Zhang

Wang²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Soil is an important natural resource in the agricultural areas of northwest China. The heavy metal concentration and ecological risk assessments are crucial for food safety and human health. This work collected 35 surface soil samples and focused on a typical soda soil quality of the Hetao Plain in Bayannur, which is an important grain production base in northern China. The concentration and composition of heavy metal (arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn)), soluble salts, total organic carbon (TOC), and minerals of the surface soils were analyzed to assess the biotoxicity, ecological risk, sources, and influencing factors of heavy metals in these soda soil from this region. The enrichment factors (EF) showed that As, Co, Cu, and Pb were not contaminated in these soils, while Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Zn were lightly contaminated. The index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) for the soda soils indicated that Co and Pb were uncontaminated, and Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cu, and As were lightly contaminated. The potential ecological risk index (RI) indicated there were no or low risks for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Although the concentrations of Cd and Hg in the soil were low, the two heavy metals exhibited moderate–high ecological risk because they have high biological toxicity. Cd in the soils from Hetao Plain in Bayannur is mainly exchangeable and reducible fractions. The other heavy metals in these soda soils are mainly in residue fraction, implying that their mobility is low and not easily absorbed and used by plants. Heavy metal fractions, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis showed that As, Co, Cr, Cu, and Pb were mainly from natural sources, while Ni, Cd, and Zn were mainly from anthropogenic discharge-related irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticide application, and Hg was mainly from winter snowfall in the study area. Naturally sourced metal elements have obvious sediment properties, and their adsorption by clay minerals and coupling with organic matter along with sediment transport sorting. The salinity and pH of soda soils in the study area have a highly positive correlation, hence the influence of factors on the concentrations of soil heavy metals are consistent. For anthropogenically imported heavy metals, increasing salinity and pH promote the precipitation of metallic elements in water. Cd is present as an exchangeable and reducible fraction, while Ni and Zn are mainly sequestered by organic matter and clay minerals.

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Distribution, Assessment, and Source of Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Qinjiang River, China

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Improved Method of Background Value Determination for Sb and Cd in Freshwater Sediment—Insights from Controlling Factors on Spatial Variability

Improved Method of Background Value Determination for Sb and Cd in Freshwater Sediment—Insights from Controlling Factors on Spatial Variability

Land-Use–Land Cover Changes in the Urban River’s Buffer Zone and Variability of Discharge, Water, and Sediment Quality—A Case of Urban Catchment of the Ngerengere River in Tanzania

Spatial Pattern, Sources Identification, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Typical Soda Soil from Bayannur, Northwestern China

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